Disease relevance of orthophosphate

• This biochemical adaptation by Prochlorococcus must be a significant benefit to these organisms, which compete against phospholipid-rich heterotrophic bacteria for PO4(3-) [1].
• Inorganic phosphate increased 24 h after adenoma removal [2].
• In broken-cell preparations the kinetic constants for the production of homoserine O-phosphate were similar to those of the wild-type E. coli enzyme [3].
• Phosphate ions inhibited the binding of [3H]ATP to pertussis toxin in a competitive manner; however, the presence of phosphate ions was essential for binding of ATP to the B oligomer [4].
• Inorganic phosphate induces spore morphogenesis and enterotoxin production in the intestinal pathogen Clostridium perfringens [5].

High impact information on orthophosphate

• On several proteins, O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate alternatively occupy the same or adjacent sites, leading to the hypothesis that one function of this saccharide is to transiently block phosphorylation [6].
• Inorganic phosphate homeostasis. Renal adaptation to the dietary intake in intact and thyroparathyroidectomized rats [7].
• Inorganic phosphate, a competitive inhibitor, protects the enzymes from inactivation, suggesting that the action of NO is directed to the active sites [8].
• The interaction between ribBP and the 95-kDa receptor and/or VTG requires Ca2+ and PO4(3-) [9].
• Inorganic phosphate did not affect actin filament velocity in the presence of 1 mM MgATP, but competitively inhibited movement in the presence of 50 microM MgATP with a Ki = 9.5 mM [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of orthophosphate

• Inorganic phosphate inhibits growth of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells via adenylate cyclase/cAMP pathway [11].
• The aqueous extract of Assam crude inhibited the uptake of NO3-, NH4+, and PO4(3-) in Anabaena doliolum and the response was essentially concentration dependent [12].
• The activity of N-methyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)guanidine O-phosphate (creatinol O-phosphate, COP) on two in vitro and in vivo experimental arrhythmias was investigated [13].
• Antiarrhythmic effectiveness of N-methyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) guanidine O-phosphate (creatinol O-phosphate, COP) has been investigated in 10 patients with ischemic heart disease and frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) [14].
• N-Methyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-guanidine O-phosphate (creatinol O-phosphate) was synthesized from creatinol by phosphorylation with partially hydrolyzed phosphoryl chloride or by dehydration of its phosphate salt [15].

Biological context of orthophosphate

• Inorganic phosphate stimulated all of its activities, by increasing the affinity for all substrates and increasing the Vmax of ATP and Fru-2,6-P2 hydrolysis [16].
• Inorganic phosphate produces sigmoidal kinetics with respect to PP-ribose-P, Hill coefficient of 1 [17].
• Phosphate ions are critical for normal bone mineralization, and phosphate plays a vital role in a number of other biological processes such as signal transduction, nucleotide metabolism, and enzyme regulation [18].
• Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a vital role in intracellular energy metabolism [19].
• Inorganic phosphate (Pi) release by permeabilized fibres was recorded using the fluorescent protein MDCC-PBP, N-(2-[1-maleimidyl]ethyl)-7-diethylamino-coumarin-3 carboxamide phosphate binding protein [20].

Anatomical context of orthophosphate

• Inorganic phosphate accumulated 8-fold in plasma membrane vesicles derived from simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 mouse fibroblasts when a NaCl gradient (external greater than internal) was artificially imposed across the membrane [21].
• Glycogen synthase labeled with 32P by incubation of the hepatocytes with [32P] PO4(3-) was recovered by immunoprecipitation and the resulting immunoprecipitate was subjected to tryptic digestion [22].
• Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a fundamental constituent of hydroxyapatite, and its transport by osteogenic cells is an important function for primary calcification of the bone matrix [23].
• Inorganic phosphate (Pi) induced an inward current (IP) in Xenopus oocytes expressing the human renal Na+/Pi cotransporter NaPi-3 [24].
• Inorganic phosphate regulates multiple genes during osteoblast differentiation, including Nrf2 [25].

Associations of orthophosphate with other chemical compounds

• The reaction is catalyzed by hydroxide ion, Tris free base, and HPO4 2-, with catalytic constants of 0.032 min-1 (pH 8.0), 0.052, and 0.115 M-1 min-1, respectively [26].
• The PhIAT labeling approach involves hydroxide ion-mediated beta-elimination of the O-phosphate moiety and the addition of 1,2-ethanedithiol containing either four alkyl hydrogens (EDT-D0) or four alkyl deuteriums (EDT-D4) followed by biotinylation of the EDT-D0/D4 moiety using (+)-biotinyl-iodoacetamidyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamine [27].
• The salivary secretion of both glands was assessed for flow rate, amylase, lysozyme, and salivary peroxidase activity and for concentrations of total protein, hexosamine, sialic acid, Ca2+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Na+, and PO4(3-) [28].
• Measurements of specific surface, as well as Ca/P ratio, infrared, X-ray, and calcination data are all consistent with the idea that citrate ion substitutes for PO4(3-) ion on the apatitic surface [29].
• Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in proteins is a common regulatory mechanism, although it accounts for less than 1% of the total O-phosphate content in proteins [30].

Gene context of orthophosphate

• Inorganic phosphate also activates PFK2, and the optimum pH for the PFK2 activity varies with the concentration of phosphate [31].
• Here, we report that estrogen receptor beta is alternatively modified by either O-GlcNAc or O-phosphate [32].
• Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is absorbed by proximal tubules through a cellular pathway that is inhibited by parathyroid hormone (PTH) [33].
• Inorganic phosphate (P(i)), a competitive inhibitor binding specifically to the active site of these proteins, was found to stabilize, upon binding, the native state of AcPDro2 and to inhibit its conversion into amyloid-like fibrils [34].
• Inorganic phosphate (Pi) and cofilin/actin depolymerizing factor proteins have opposite effects on actin filament structure and dynamics [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of orthophosphate

• Inorganic phosphate, as determined by simultaneous 31P-NMR, remained elevated during early reperfusion relative to baseline, and significantly correlated with the extent of decline in [13C]glycogen during reperfusion (r = 0.79, P less than 0.01) [36].
• Inorganic phosphate (Pi) increased in the control group from 6.8 +/- 0.5 to 11.4 +/- 1.2 mmol (p less than 0.005) and in the advanced heart failure group from 10.4 +/- 1.1 to 15.3 +/- 1.2 mmol (p less than 0.01) [37].
• Thiourea-based hydrogen-bond forming ionophore 2, alpha,alpha'-bis(N'-p-nitrophenylthioureylene)-m-xylene, is synthesized and investigated by using ion transfer polarography for the facilitated transfers of H2PO4-, HPO42- and Cl- across the nitrobenzene-water interface [38].
• Phosphorylated membrane substrates were analyzed: high voltage paper electrophoresis after partial hydrolysis indicated that [32-P]phosphate is incorporated into serine and threonine residues as o-phosphate derivatives [39].
• Hypophysectomy of the fed eel resulted in a significant reduction, not only in PO4(3-) absorption, but also in absorption of water and other electrolytes [40].

References