Disease relevance of Dicaprylglyceride

• In an under-agarose migration system, we found 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol to be a strong chemoattractant for human PMN, 6C3HED (a mouse thymic lymphoma), and Jurkat (a human T-cell leukemia) [1].

High impact information on Dicaprylglyceride

• Although a single dose of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) allowed HL-60 cells to differentiate to macrophages, a single dose of membrane-permeant diacylglycerol (DAG), 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (1,2-DiC8), was normally insufficient to differentiate these cells [2].
• Another protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), blocked 70-100% of sustained current when applied intracellularly or extracellularly at 5 microM, whereas extracellular application of ethylene glycol dioctanoate (5 microM), an analog reported not to stimulate PKC, inhibited only 14% of sustained current [3].
• B-50 phosphorylation in nerve growth cones is stimulated by 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (DOG) in a concentration-dependent manner, but not by 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4 alpha-PDD) [4].
• Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol induced the rapid phosphorylation of occludin in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells cultured in low extracellular calcium medium with a concomitant translocation of occludin to the regions of cell-cell contact [5].
• Stimulation with 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol resulted in little translocation of PKC isoforms or p47phox, and in minimal oxidase activity [6].

Biological context of Dicaprylglyceride

• For instance, at constant cell number (1.67 x 10(6)/sample) and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol concentration (diC8; 20 micrograms/ml), 32Pi incorporation into phosphatidylcholine varied from 150 to 350% above control as the incubation volume increased from 0.3 to 1.2 ml [7].
• Thus, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate or 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol potentiates growth factor-induced DNA synthesis up to 3-fold when they act during the early G1 phase, whereas they completely inhibit the initiation of DNA synthesis when they act in the late G1 phase [8].
• However, concurrent exposure of HL-60 cells to both 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol and the calcium ionophore A23187, at concentrations which were without maturational activity when used separately, resulted in measurable increases in both protein phosphorylation and in the fraction of cells expressing a differentiated phenotype [9].
• PMXB did not affect the respiratory burst response to 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol [10].
• In epidermal slices, activation of protein kinase C by addition of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 1,2-diacylglycerol (1,2-dioctanoylglycerol) resulted in subsequently decreased protein kinase C activity, a process termed down-regulation [11].

Anatomical context of Dicaprylglyceride

• We have now compared the effects of two related diterpenes (mezerein and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) and two cell-permeable diacylglycerols (1-oleoyl-2-acetoylglycerol and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol) on the induction of differentiation in HL-60 cells [9].
• 1,2-Dioctanoylglycerol and phorbol esters which activate protein kinase C enhanced the Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent secretion in digitonin-permeabilized PC12 cells [12].
• Adenylate cyclase (ATP-pyrophosphate lyase (cyclizing); EC 4.6.1.1) in the human keratinocyte cell line SCC 12F was potentiated by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), phorbol-12,13-diacetate, and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol [13].
• Ro 31-8425 inhibited superoxide generation in human neutrophils activated by both receptor stimuli (formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine, opsonized zymosan, IgG and heat aggregated IgG) and post-receptor stimuli (1,2-dioctanoylglycerol and fluoride) [14].
• To investigate the participation of protein kinase C (PKC) in this hormone-induced response, calcium uptake was measured in myocytes treated with PKC activators 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA, 50 nM) or 1,2-dioctanoyl-rac-glycerol (DOG, 50 microM) [15].

Associations of Dicaprylglyceride with other chemical compounds

• In the present study, this nuclear PKC-like activity (termed PKCn) was isolated from HL60 cells and shown to phosphorylate its known nuclear substrate, lamin B. PKCn-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear envelope-associated lamin B in vitro is calcium-dependent and is stimulated by bryo and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8), but not PBt2 [16].
• The incorporation of [32P]Pi into sarcolemmal, sarcoplasmic reticular and myofibrillar proteins was studied in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts treated with the alpha-agonist norepinephrine or with protein kinase C activators (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (D8G] [17].
• Effects of Ca2+ ionophore A23187, 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, and dibutyryl cAMP on the activity and expression of ornithine decarboxylase in guinea pig lymphocytes [18].
• Although both phorbol esters and soluble diglycerides enhance subsequent fMLP or A23187-stimulated arachidonate release in human neutrophils, several lines of evidence indicate that the effects of oleoylacetylglycerol and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol are protein kinase C-independent [19].
• Esophageal circular muscle cells isolated by enzymatic digestion contracted in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and in response to the protein kinase C (PKC) agonist 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (1,2 DAG) [20].

Gene context of Dicaprylglyceride

• In contrast, addition of a phospholipase C or a synthetic diacylglycerol (DG) analog, 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, failed to enhance nuclear NF-kappa B binding despite large increases in cellular DG content [21].
• Both the tumor promoter agent phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and a diacylglycerol analog, 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, induced a 2.7- and 2.5-fold increase in steady-state glucagon mRNA levels at 24 h, respectively [22].
• At 2.0 mM extracellular Ca2+, PMA (10(-6) M) bryostatin-1 (10(-7) M), and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (3 x 10(-4) M) blunted the suppressive effects of high Ca2+ on secretion, thus stimulating PTH release 252 +/- 45%, 122 +/- 20%, and 485 +/- 95% over control levels, respectively [23].
• Phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, activators of protein kinase C (PKC) that stimulate DNA synthesis in serum-deprived Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, induce histone H1 kinase activity associated with anti-cdc2 immunoprecipitates after a lag period of 15h, a time point close to G1/S boundary of the cell cycle in these cells [24].
• In contrast, treatment with either TNF (1,000 U/ml for 15 min) or 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (4 x 10(-5) M for 5 min), a diacylglycerol that activates PKC, resulted in translocation of fluorescence to the cell periphery; fine, punctate PKC-associated fluorescence was localized to the margins of cells [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dicaprylglyceride

• Langendorff perfusion of guinea pig hearts with phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate or 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol caused a progressive impairment of contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle [26].

References