Disease relevance of CHLORINE

• The prevalence of papillomas on wild black bullheads exposed to the effluent decreased from 73 to 23% after the amount of residual chlorine (CAS: 7782-50-5) in the effluent leaving the chlorine contact chamber was reduced from 1.3-3.1 mg/liter to 0.25-1.2 mg/liter [1].
• AcEW-ice generating 70 and 150 ppm of Cl2 reduced E. coli O157:H7 by 2.0 log CFU/g. Further significant reduction of E. coli O157:H7 (2.5 log CFU/g) was demonstrated by treatment with AcEW-ice generating 240 ppm of Cl2 [2].
• Our results demonstrate down-regulation of renal chloride transporters/channels during sepsis, which is probably mediated by proinflammatory cytokines and accounts for the development of LPS-induced tubular dysfunction [3].

High impact information on CHLORINE

• Enzyme inactivation was a major factor limiting the yield of 1O2 with both Cl- and Br-. While the MPO-H2O2-halide systems can efficiently produce 1O2, the conditions required are not physiologic, which suggests that the chemiluminescence of the stimulated neutrophil does not derive from 1O2 generated by a MPO mechanism [4].
• Alteration of the extracellular anion environment by replacement of chloride ions (Cl-) with thiocyanate ions (SCN-) in normal Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (NKRB) induced sustained development of basal tension in isolated aortas from male adult Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats, but not from females of these strains [5].
• Although AcEW-ice generating 30 ppm Cl2 had no effect on L. monocytogenes cell counts, AcEW-ice generating 70 to 240 ppm of Cl2 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced L. monocytogenes by ca. 1.5 log CFU/g. E. coli O157:H7 cell counts were reduced by 1.0 log CFU/g with AcEW-ice generating 30 ppm of Cl2 [2].
• Triethyltin (TET) stimulated the basal respiration of Escherichia coli K-12 membrane vesicles in chloride (Cl-) medium but it had little effect on respiration in sulphate (SO4(2-)) medium [6].
• Furthermore, concentrations of chloride (Cl) in the sputum supernatant were higher in SBS patients than in healthy subjects, and there was a significant negative correlation between sputum Cl concentrations and exhaled NO concentrations [7].

Biological context of CHLORINE

• There were no significant changes in heart rate, daily urinary volume, sodium balance, and renal clearances of sodium (CNa), potassium (CK), chloride (CCl) and creatinine (CCr) [8].

Associations of chloride with other chemical compounds

• Elimination of these threonines together with serine residue Ser(71) completely prevented rNCC response to intracellular chloride depletion [9].
• The ECC has a unique chloride-dependent regulation; it is inhibited by the endosome luminal chloride with a K(50) of 82 mm [10].
• A new triazole-strapped calix[4]pyrrole synthesised via'click' chemistry shows high affinity for chloride and lipid bilayer chloride transport properties [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CHLORINE

• Continuity of bowel was restored after resection of twelve midrectal cancers (6 Dukes' B, 4 Dukes' C and 2 metastatic to liver) by stapling with the SPTU suture gun, following pre-operative radiotherapy and intraoperative topical chemotherapy with 5-flourouracil and mercuric perchloride [12].

References