Disease relevance of nadide

• Another minor contribution to the symptomatology of GLUT-1 may be impaired transport of an oxidised form of vitamin C. Treatment with anti-epileptic drugs may be needed, and the ketogenic diet may reduce symptoms, as ketosis can provide an alternative source of fuel for the brain [1].
• Cytochrome c" from Methylophilus methylotrophus is an unusual monohaem protein that undergoes a major redox-linked spin-state transition: one of the two axial histidines bound to the iron in the oxidised form is detached upon reduction and a proton is taken up [2].

High impact information on nadide

• Contrary to results obtained from spectroscopic studies, the co-ordination of the metal ions in the catalytic site is preserved in the crystal structure of the reduced enzyme, as compared with the crystal structure of the oxidised form [3].
• Chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase can exist in an active reduced form or a less active oxidised form [4].
• In these mass spectra only the oxidised form of glutathione (GSSG) was found because of the redox activity of Cu(II) [5].
• UHMWPE favoured only a limited peritoneal macrophages (PMs) spreading (round-shaped cells); the cell spreading and presence of microvilli on the cell membranes was evident in the case of the oxidised form, suggesting the activation of these cells on this chemical form [6].
• We have also observed that the oxidised form preferentially inhibited cyclooxygenase vs. lipoxygenase metabolism (IC50 ratio lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase: 3.22), while the reduced form did not discriminate between the two pathways (IC50 ratio lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase: 1.38) [7].

Biological context of nadide

• Sulfur in its reduced form (-II) is an essential nutrient for growth and development, but is mainly available to plants in its oxidised form as sulfate [8].
• Similarly, osmotic stress resulted in a higher ratio of the reduced to the oxidised form of these thiols and in greater activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione reductase in the tolerant genotypes compared to the sensitive ones [9].
• Besides, the oxidised form always decreased with sea water while the reduced form decreased in shoots and increased in roots [10].
• When the two electron reduced, catalytically competent active site of the enzyme is generated from the oxidised form in 'rapid', non-rate limiting steps of the catalytic cycle, the voltammetric behaviour of NarGH cannot be reproduced [11].
• Phosphoribulokinase-3, isolated under the most oxidising conditions and exhibiting unusual kinetics, has properties consistent with those expected of an oxidised form of the enzyme in which Cys-16 and Cys-55 are completely oxidised to form a disulfide bond in each subunit [12].

Anatomical context of nadide

• Although the reduced cysteinylglycine content of eggs did not change among experimental groups, the oxidised form of cysteinylglycine increased (p < 0.025) between sperm decondensation (6.9 +/- 1.5 nmol/egg in unfertilized oocytes and 10.1 +/- 2.1 nmol/egg in DSH eggs) and pronuclear formation (40.5 +/- 11.5 nmol/egg in PN eggs) [13].

Associations of nadide with other chemical compounds

• Alamar Blue incorporates a redox indicator which changes colour from blue (oxidised form) to magenta (reduced form) in response to metabolic activity [14].
• However, infusion-induced alterations on glutathione homeostasis were noticed, as it was observed by the increase in glutathione oxidised form (GSSG) and depletion in total glutathione levels, which indicates that plant-derived antioxidant extracts may not be considered a generalised way of treating pro-oxidant-related diseases [15].
• Proof of concept is shown for the electrochemical adaptation of the Gibbs reaction, where reaction of the oxidised form of PAP with substituted phenols provides an indirect methodology for the analytical detection of these compounds [16].

Gene context of nadide

• The structure of C. reinhardtii thioredoxin h was solved in its oxidised form, and the ensemble of 23 converged structures superpose to the geometric average structure with an atomic rmsd of 0.080 nm +/- 0.016 for the (N, C(alpha), C) backbone atoms of residues 4-110 [17].
• In its oxidised form the ferredoxin had absorption maxima at 277, (281), 323, 420 and 462 nm [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of nadide

• Enzyme immunoassay results evidenced higher levels of factor Bb and iC3b in plasma after the contact with the oxidised form [6].
• Estimation of the oxidised form of glutathione (GSSG) in an ischaemic/reperfused organ is frequently employed as an indicator of oxidative stress created by the production of oxygen free radicals during the reperfusion period [19].

References