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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
Chemical Compound Review

serin     2-amino-3-hydroxy-propanoic acid

Synonyms: DL-Serine, Poly-L-serine, H-DL-Ser-OH, Serine, D-, PubChem11003, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of serine

  • Neither of these steps occur following infection of a mutant of Escherichia coli that was previously shown to block the suppressor function of T4 serine transfer RNA [1].
  • The conversion of precursor RNA into bacteriophage T4 proline and serine transfer RNAs includes two steps for the enzymatic removal of nucleotides from the 3' ends of RNA chains [1].
  • We found that PPM1D, encoding a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, lies within an epicenter of the region at 17q23 that is amplified in breast cancer [2].
  • CFTR, the protein associated with cystic fibrosis, is phosphorylated on serine residues in response to cAMP agonists [3].
  • The hepatitis B virus-encoded transcriptional trans-activator hbx appears to be a novel protein serine/threonine kinase [4].
 

Psychiatry related information on serine

 

High impact information on serine

  • Upon recognition of the infectious agent, MBL and the ficolins initiate the lectin pathway of complement activation through attached serine proteases (MASPs), whereas SP-A and SP-D rely on other effector mechanisms: direct opsonization, neutralization, and agglutination [10].
  • This biochemical response couples the TCR to a divergent array of signal transduction molecules including enzymes that regulate lipid metabolism, GTP binding proteins, serine/threonine kinases, and adapter molecules [11].
  • Phosphorylation of a cytoplasmic serine promotes transcytosis of the pIgR without ligand bound [12].
  • The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) 1-3 are serine/threonine protein kinases whose activity is stimulated by the binding of active Rac and Cdc42 GTPases [13].
  • Reversible phosphorylation of serine residues in the regulatory domains affects the activities of all three enzymes [14].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of serine

 

Biological context of serine

 

Anatomical context of serine

  • Unique tRNAs that have complementary UCA anticodons are aminoacylated with serine, the seryl-tRNA is converted to selenocysteyl-tRNA and the latter binds specifically to a special elongation factor and is delivered to the ribosome [25].
  • Certain serine proteases that derive from the circulation (e.g., coagulation factors), inflammatory cells (e.g., mast cell and neutrophil proteases), and from multiple other sources (e.g., epithelial cells, neurons, bacteria, fungi) can cleave protease-activated receptors (PARs), a family of four G protein-coupled receptors [26].
  • Effects of serine/threonine protein phosphatases on ion channels in excitable membranes [27].
  • The delta chain is phosphorylated on a serine residue in response to T cell activation with antigen [28].
  • Cytolytic lymphocytes (CTLs) are characterized by their inclusion of cytoplasmic granules containing effector molecules such as perforin and the serine proteases [29].
 

Associations of serine with other chemical compounds

 

Gene context of serine

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of serine

References

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  3. Phosphorylation of the R domain by cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates the CFTR chloride channel. Cheng, S.H., Rich, D.P., Marshall, J., Gregory, R.J., Welsh, M.J., Smith, A.E. Cell (1991) [Pubmed]
  4. The hepatitis B virus-encoded transcriptional trans-activator hbx appears to be a novel protein serine/threonine kinase. Wu, J.Y., Zhou, Z.Y., Judd, A., Cartwright, C.A., Robinson, W.S. Cell (1990) [Pubmed]
  5. Association of moderate alcohol consumption and plasma concentration of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. Ridker, P.M., Vaughan, D.E., Stampfer, M.J., Glynn, R.J., Hennekens, C.H. JAMA (1994) [Pubmed]
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  7. Large-scale, multicenter study of cerebrospinal fluid tau protein phosphorylated at serine 199 for the antemortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Itoh, N., Arai, H., Urakami, K., Ishiguro, K., Ohno, H., Hampel, H., Buerger, K., Wiltfang, J., Otto, M., Kretzschmar, H., Moeller, H.J., Imagawa, M., Kohno, H., Nakashima, K., Kuzuhara, S., Sasaki, H., Imahori, K. Ann. Neurol. (2001) [Pubmed]
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  17. Human insulin-degrading enzyme shares structural and functional homologies with E. coli protease III. Affholter, J.A., Fried, V.A., Roth, R.A. Science (1988) [Pubmed]
  18. Adipsin and complement factor D activity: an immune-related defect in obesity. Rosen, B.S., Cook, K.S., Yaglom, J., Groves, D.L., Volanakis, J.E., Damm, D., White, T., Spiegelman, B.M. Science (1989) [Pubmed]
  19. Inflammatory mast cells up-regulate angiogenesis during squamous epithelial carcinogenesis. Coussens, L.M., Raymond, W.W., Bergers, G., Laig-Webster, M., Behrendtsen, O., Werb, Z., Caughey, G.H., Hanahan, D. Genes Dev. (1999) [Pubmed]
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  22. Serine phosphorylation of death agonist BAD in response to survival factor results in binding to 14-3-3 not BCL-X(L). Zha, J., Harada, H., Yang, E., Jockel, J., Korsmeyer, S.J. Cell (1996) [Pubmed]
  23. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of Drosophila TAF110 reveal properties expected of coactivators. Hoey, T., Weinzierl, R.O., Gill, G., Chen, J.L., Dynlacht, B.D., Tjian, R. Cell (1993) [Pubmed]
  24. Sterile 20 kinase phosphorylates histone H2B at serine 10 during hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in S. cerevisiae. Ahn, S.H., Cheung, W.L., Hsu, J.Y., Diaz, R.L., Smith, M.M., Allis, C.D. Cell (2005) [Pubmed]
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