Disease relevance of citric acid

• Eighteen consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy for polyps or mass lesions, properly age- and sex-matched, were randomized to receive Golytely lavage (3-4 L) or a standard preparation (48-h clear liquid diet, 240 ml of magnesium citrate and "X-Prep" senna derivative) [1].
• A 62-year-old woman with adequate renal function who consumed large quantities of magnesium citrate presented with lethargy and hypotension [2].
• We report the cases of three patients with no prior history of seizures, who had their first seizure associated with hyponatremia following ingestion of sodium phosphate or sodium picosulfates/magnesium citrate combination [3].
• The administration of magnesium citrate in repeated doses with activated charcoal resulted in a striking increase in serum magnesium levels followed by acute neuromuscular deterioration and respiratory depression [4].
• We report two cases of hypermagnesemia complicating the treatment of theophylline toxicity with OAC and magnesium citrate [5].

Psychiatry related information on citric acid

• We conclude that oral laxatives, magnesium citrate and castor oil have a profound effect on colonic motor complexes and colonic motor activity [6].
• To evaluate the frequency and magnitude of serum magnesium elevations after the use of repetitive magnesium catharsis, we prospectively evaluated 102 patients who received multiple doses of magnesium citrate as a part of treatment of an overdose [7].

High impact information on citric acid

• The effects of magnesium, citrate, and combinations thereof on calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics were examined in a mixed suspension, mixed product removal crystallizer [8].
• Mutation of Arg-139 into Lys and Gln increased the Km of phosphofructo-2-kinase for MgATP (20-fold and 25-fold respectively) and for fructose 6-phosphate (8-fold and 13-fold), and the IC50 for MgADP (30-fold and 50-fold) and for magnesium citrate (7-fold and 25-fold) [9].
• Comparison of two bowel preparations for colonoscopy: sodium picosulphate with magnesium citrate versus sulphate-free polyethylene glycol lavage solution [10].
• Oral sodium phosphate and sodium picosulfates/magnesium citrate are commonly used to evacuate the colon and rectum before colonoscopy or colorectal surgery [3].
• The urine was analysed for calcium, oxalate, phosphate, magnesium, citrate and pH, and the ion activity products of CaOx [AP(CaOx) index] and CaP were calculated [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of citric acid

• INTERVENTIONS: Catharsis with bisacodyl, magnesium citrate, NaCl 0.9%; dissolution with heated, dilute barium administered rectally in conjunction with external manipulation; laparotomy [12].
• The patient had been using milk of magnesia and magnesium citrate in unknown amounts to alleviate her constipation over this time frame [13].
• The inhibitory action of added inhibitors (magnesium, citrate, pyrophosphate and chondroitin sulphate) was investigated using the urine of 72 patients with calcium urolithiasis [14].

Biological context of citric acid

• The efficacy and greater availability of activated charcoal and magnesium citrate make these materials the treatment of choice for gastrointestinal decontamination in oral paraquat poisoning [15].
• Although no absolute value of the oral bioavailability of trimagnesium dicitrate could be determined from the data, our results may be important in helping to elucidate the influence of magnesium preparations on the plasma magnesium concentration [16].
• A lowered amplitude under resting conditions and an increased reactivity after hyperventilation (with pronounced and prolonged vasoconstriction) was found in tetanic patients, 360 mg Mg/day (as magnesium citrate tablets) was administered in 17 tetanic patients (A) and a placebo in 18 patients (B) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [17].
• Decontamination modalities include gastric emptying (ipecac and gastric lavage), inhibiting absorption (activated charcoal), and catharsis (sorbital, magnesium citrate, and whole bowel irrigation) [18].

Anatomical context of citric acid

• Oral colonic lavage is recommended for studies of the proximal colon, and magnesium citrate enemas for the descending colon and sigmoid [19].

Associations of citric acid with other chemical compounds

• Randomized, controlled study of pretreatment with magnesium citrate on the quality of colonoscopy preparation with polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution [20].
• We have previously shown that magnesium citrate or bisacodyl before polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS) improves colonoscopy preparation [21].
• This study was undertaken to investigate the bioavailability of various L-carnitine esters (acetyl-L-carnitine and lauroyl-L-carnitine) and salts (L-carnitine L-tartrate, L-carnitine fumarate, L-carnitine magnesium citrate) relative to base of free L-carnitine [22].
• At low pH added magnesium citrate reduced salicylate adsorption [23].
• Both magnesium citrate and metoclopramide combined with bisacodyl hastened the gastrointestinal transit but magnesium citrate was more effective [24].

Gene context of citric acid

• Renal cortical calcification in syngeneic intact rats and those receiving an infrarenal thoracic aortic graft: possible etiological roles of endothelin, nitrate and minerals, and different preventive effects of long-term oral treatment with magnesium, citrate and alkali-containing preparations [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of citric acid

• We compared colonic preparation with sodium picosulphate plus magnesium citrate (SPS-Mg) with sulphate-free polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage (PEG-EL) solution before colonoscopy, for quality of bowel cleansing, patient discomfort, and side effects [10].
• CONCLUSION: The addition of bottle of magnesium citrate to a 2-hyperphosphate enema preparation is well tolerated and improves bowel preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy [26].
• STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of magnesium citrate in reducing gastrointestinal transit time of activated charcoal in children [27].
• The case history of a patient with severe muscular weakness resulting from magnesium intoxication following oral and rectal administration of magnesium citrate cathartics is reported [28].
• Groups of highly inbred rats were formed as follows: sham-operation (Sham, n = 12), aorta transplantation (ATx, n = 12), ATx + magnesium citrate (MgC, n = 12), ATx + MgC + potassium citrate (MgCPC, n = 12), ATx + MgC + MgCPC (MgCPCSB, n = 12) [29].

References