Disease relevance of Citreoviridine

• As regards the mechanism of action, it is possible to hypothesize that the effects of citreoviridin may be due to a reduction of protein synthesis, since it inhibited the replication of HIV-1 at post-integrational stages and reduced the intracellular RNA and protein content in C. albicans [1].
• The foetotoxicity induced by citreoviridin was observed only at doses that also induced maternal toxicity [2].
• The putative involvement of mycotoxins in human diseases, including cancer, is reviewed with reference to ergotism, citreoviridin toxicosis, alimentary toxic aleukia, stachybotryotoxicosis, Balkan endemic nephropathy and aflatoxicoses [3].
• Since significant information was not available on the effects of citreoviridin on eukaryotic cells and viruses, this molecule was tested on CD4+ T-lymphoid cell lines, on HIV-1 and on Candida albicans, which sometimes complicates HIV-infection [1].

High impact information on Citreoviridine

• The presence of the S. cerevisiae beta subunit in the S. pombe ATPase complex conferred a sensitivity to the energy transfer inhibitors citreoviridin and oligomycin which was like that of the intact S. cerevisiae enzyme [4].
• 5. Hydrogenation of citreoviridin monoacetate diminished its inhibitory potency considerably [5].
• The citreoviridin-producing fungus Eupenicillium ochrosalmoneum Scott & Stolk was isolated from each of these pick-out kernels [6].
• Citreoviridin was an uncompetitive inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis and a noncompetitive inhibitor of ATP synthesis catalyzed by membrane-bound F1-ATPase [7].
• Steady-state velocity studies using a substrate regenerating system showed that efrapeptin, citreoviridin and aurovertin inhibit both membrane-bound and soluble mitochondrial ATPase (coupling factor F1) from Trypanosoma cruzi [8].

Biological context of Citreoviridine

• Maximal inhibitions of ATP hydrolysis produced by efrapeptin and citreoviridin were 100-93%, while the maximal inhibition produced by aurovertin was 40% [8].
• Citreoviridin produced by the fungus Penicillium citreo-viride was administered by gavage to groups of 9-16 pregnant Fisher 344 rats either on days 8-11 (group A) or on days 12-15 (group B) of gestation [2].

Anatomical context of Citreoviridine

• Some smaller than average pups from dams in group B that were treated with the high dose of citreoviridin had slightly dilated lateral ventricles of the brain and, in some cases, a palate defect [2].
• Effect of citreoviridin, a mycotoxin from Penicillium citreoviride, on kinetic constants of acetylcholinesterase and ATPase in synaptosomes and microsomes from rat brain [9].

Gene context of Citreoviridine

• Citreoviridin reduced p24 in the supernatant of H9 HTLV IIIB in a dose-dependent manner with a pharmacological selectivity index of 2 [1].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Citreoviridine

• The extract is analyzed for citreoviridin by normal-phase liquid chromatography, using a mobile phase of ethyl acetate-hexane (75 + 25) at 1.5 mL/min and a fluorescence detector to measure the yellow fluorescence (388 nm excitation, 480 nm emission) [10].

References