Disease relevance of Deval Red K

• Genotoxicity of 4-chloro-o-toluidine in Salmonella typhimurium, human lymphocytes and V79 cells [1].
• Carcinomas of the urinary bladder in a 4-chloro-o-toluidine cohort [2].
• Chlordimeform and 2-methyl-4-chloroaniline, a major metabolite of chlordimeform, cause severe hemorrhagic cystitis in humans [3].

High impact information on Deval Red K

• SDS-PAGE of rat microsomes revealed an increase in a protein band of MW c54,000 for the chlordimeform and 4-chloro-o-toluidine treated groups [4].
• The metabolite 4-chloro-o-toluidine increased cytochrome P-450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase and epoxide hydrolase activities. o-Toluidine induced cytochrome P-450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and aldrin epoxidase activities [4].
• A test method based on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography has been developed for some aromatic amines, such as 4-chloro-o-toluidine, beta-naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl [5].
• We have shown that a coupling azo dye method, using naphthol AS-MX phosphate (NP) as substrate and fast red TR (FR) as a diazonium salt coupling agent, gives rise to a fluorescent azo dye reaction product which permits a highly sensitive demonstration of lysosomal acid phosphatase in both living and pre-fixed monolayer cell cultures [6].
• In the absence of a metabolizing system (S9 mix) 4-chloro-o-toluidine (4-COT) was found to be ineffective in a combination of assays for gene mutations in Salmonella typhimurium, for chromosome aberrations and sister chromatide exchanges in human lymphocytes, and for the induction of spindle disturbances in V79 Chinese hamster cells [1].

Anatomical context of Deval Red K

• Lymphocytes are identified as peroxidase-negative mononuclear cells and those binding alkaline phosphatase-labelled reagents are demonstrated by treating the smears with naphthol ASMX phosphoric acid and fast red TR salt [7].
• In vitro studies showed that mouse liver fractions catalysed the binding of p-chloro-o-toluidine to calf thymus DNA more readily than rat liver fractions [8].
• Autoradiographic determinations did not demonstrate any effect of p-chloro-o-toluidine upon the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into subcutaneous capillary endothelial cells [8].
• The effects of 4-chloro-ortho-toluidine (fast red TR) subacute intoxication on rats. Part I: The kidney and the urinary bladder epithelium [9].

Associations of Deval Red K with other chemical compounds

• Chlordimeforme and its 2 principal metabolites, N-formyl-4-chloro-o-toluidine and 4-chloro-o-toluidine, were studied for induction of heritable translocations [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Deval Red K

• Detection of specific bacterial cells with 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid-2'-phenylanilide phosphate and fast red TR in situ hybridization [11].
• A highly sensitive and selective gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method has been developed for the determination of 3,4- and 3,5-DCAs in urine using 4-chloro-2-methylaniline as an internal standard [12].
• HPLC determination of the metabolite 4-chloro-o-toluidine in the urine of workers occupationally exposed to chlordimeform [13].

References