Disease relevance of TMEM132D

• Using an electronmicroscopic peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in combination with a three-step fixation procedure according to Willingham, the ultrastructural site of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) could be shown in cells of a human lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (MOLT 4) [1].
• The intracellular synthesis of polyglutamyl derivatives of both methotrexate (4-amino-N-10-methylpteroylglutamic acid) and 7-hydroxymethotrexate, the primary plasma metabolite of methotrexate in humans, was evaluated in a methotrexate-sensitive, acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, MOLT 4 [2].
• K562 and HeLa expressed high levels, EBV expressed intermediate levels, and Molt 4 expressed essentially no detectible DAF mRNA or protein [3].
• Metabolism of ddCyd by human T-lymphoblastic cells (Molt 4) negative for human immunodeficiency virus and OKT4 was examined [4].
• Mitogen-stimulated T cell blasts were generated from intrathyroidal lymphocyte preparations and fused with a hypoxanthine-, aminopterin-, and thymidine-sensitive variant of the Molt 4 human leukemia T cell line [5].

Psychiatry related information on TMEM132D

• In insects, the neuropeptide eclosion hormone (EH) acts on the CNS to evoke the stereotyped behaviors that cause ecdysis, the shedding of the cuticle at the end of each molt [6].
• They suggest that 20-HE orchestrates intrinsic, cellular, and nuclear events that produce the molt-cycle transformations in agonistic behavior and aggressive state of lobsters [7].
• Plasma LH levels followed the same trend as testosterone, falling after copulation and falling further prior to molt [8].
• It is well known in this species that day 4 following feeding is the end of a critical period for the insect in determining whether it will proceed to the next molt [9].
• Endogenous gonadal, LH and molt rhythms in tropical stonechats: effect of pair bond on period, amplitude, and pattern of circannual cycles [10].

High impact information on TMEM132D

• A cDNA clone YT35 , synthesized from poly(A)+ RNA of the human T cell tumor Molt 3, exhibits homology to the variable (V), joining (J), and constant (C) regions of immunoglobulin genes [11].
• The Caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic genes control the relative timing and sequence of many events during postembryonic development, including the terminal differentiation of the lateral hypodermis, which occurs during the final (fourth) molt [12].
• At the end of each molt, insects shed the old cuticle by performing preecdysis and ecdysis behaviors [13].
• We now report that certain human leukemia cell lines including HL60, HEL, and Molt 4 express mRNA for both alpha and alpha 3 isoforms of Na+,K+-ATPase; mRNA was not detected in several other cell lines, including K562 and U937; no cell lines expressed alpha+ mRNA [14].
• Nonimmune rosette formation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultered MOLT 3 and MOLT 4 cells with sheep red blood cells was studied by transmission electron microscopy [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of TMEM132D

• Only the toxicity of deoxyguanosine for the leukemic T cell line, MOLT 4, and the leukemic nonBnonT cell line, KM-3, was enhanced by the addition of 100 microM 8-aminoguanosine [16].
• In human lymphoid (ATH8, Molt/4F) and caprine ovary (Tahr) cells AzddThd accumulates as its 5'-monophosphate (AzddTMP), whereas in murine leukemia (L1210) cells it is readily metabolized to the 5'-triphosphate (AzddTTP) [17].
• These changes in activity are correlated with melatonin-induced gonadal regression, weight loss and molt [18].
• In order to study the potential role of the steroid molting hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone) in regulating molt-induced claw muscle atrophy, full-length cDNAs encoding retinoid-X receptor (Gl-RXR) and E75 early ecdysone inducible gene (Gl-E75) were obtained from land crab (Gecarcinus lateralis) skeletal muscle mRNA using RT-PCR and 3' and 5' RACE [19].
• Variations in plasma corticosterone, estrone, estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone concentrations with forced renesting, molt, and body weight of captive female American kestrels [20].

Biological context of TMEM132D

• We find that, unlike metamorphosing insects, in which br expression is restricted to the larval-pupal transition, Of'br mRNA is expressed during embryonic development and is maintained at each nymphal molt but then disappears at the molt to the adult [21].
• PFGE analysis of the T cell line Molt 4 suggests a greater than 600-kb deletion involving the TCR-alpha gene [22].
• Suppression of a thioesterase gene expression and the disappearance of short chain fatty acids in the preen gland of the mallard duck during eclipse, the period following postnuptial molt [23].
• Both L161 and 0249F also induced a comparable increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration on MOLT 4 and JURKAT, two other T cell lines of similar phenotype [24].
• Treatment of the leukemia lines Ha and Molt 3, with the methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) resulted in increased Syk mRNA expression [25].

Anatomical context of TMEM132D

• Molecular cloning of a novel transmembrane protein MOLT expressed by mature oligodendrocytes [26].
• Human cells that did not react with both antibodies included skin fibroblasts, lung fibroblasts (WI-38), SV40-transformed lung fibroblasts, Molt 4 (leukemia), lymphocytes, and monocytes [27].
• The form of the epithelium at different stages of the molt cycle is described, and the possibility that there may be an abrupt change of cell adhesiveness at the segment boundary is discussed [28].
• Spontaneous mutants with altered HLA-A,B,C response to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) were isolated from the human thymus leukemia cell line Molt 4 [29].
• The concentration of cryptocyanin in the hemolymph is closely coordinated with the molt cycle and reaches levels higher than hemocyanin during premolt [30].

Associations of TMEM132D with chemical compounds

• Cryptocyanin resembles insect hexamerins in the lack of copper, molt cycle patterns of biosynthesis, and potential contributions to the new exoskeleton [30].
• In contrast, induction of a precocious adult molt by application of precocene II to third-stage nymphs caused a loss of br mRNA at the precocious adult molt [21].
• When MOLT 4 cells were exposed to 1 microM methotrexate, the monoglutamate attained a steady state after 30 min, and polyglutamyl derivatives having from one to 4 additional glutamyl residues were observed over 4 hr [2].
• The influx of tubercidin into MOLT 4 cells was found to occur primarily by means of the NBMPR-sensitive nucleoside transport system [31].
• These studies show that in MOLT 4 cells (a) both methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate are rapidly converted to polyglutamyl derivatives, and (b) 7-hydroxymethotrexate interferes with net methotrexate accumulation and metabolism when present simultaneously in the extracellular medium [2].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TMEM132D

• The protein was expressed in mature OLs in vivo and in vitro cell cultures and was thus designated as mature OL transmembrane protein (MOLT) [26].
• Cytofluorimetric analyses with monoclonal antibodies were used to follow the specific effect of highly purified human leucocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) on the expression of transplantation antigens (HLA)1 in Molt 4, a thymus leukaemia cell line [32].
• Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that expression of the gene is restricted to certain hematopoietic cell lines including K562, Molt 4, and Jurkat [33].
• Using HeLa, K562, EBV, and Molt 4 cells, DAF mRNA and protein were analyzed by Northern and Western blot [3].
• SIVrcm was also isolated by cocultivation of CD8-depleted RCM PBMC with Molt 4 clone 8 cells but not with CEMx174 cells [34].

References