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DLX4  -  distal-less homeobox 4

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: BP1, Beta protein 1, DLX7, DLX8, DLX9, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of DLX4

 

Psychiatry related information on DLX4

  • OBJECTIVE: Beta-blocking agents, particularly propranolol, are considered effective in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia, but considerable controversy exists about the involved receptor subtype(s) [6].
  • Oscillatory Beta Activity Predicts Response Speed during a Multisensory Audiovisual Reaction Time Task: A High-Density Electrical Mapping Study [7].
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that Beta activity is increased in Primary Insomnia [8].
  • Future studies in composite transgenic mice developing amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and other AD pathology may allow for the determination of the relative contribution of A Beta and non-A Beta components to dementia [9].
  • 3. Beta blockers appear to be of use in specific social phobias, like public speaking [10].
 

High impact information on DLX4

  • BACKGROUND & AIMS: Beta-blockers are extensively used to prevent variceal bleeding in patients with large esophageal varices [11].
  • BACKGROUND: Beta-blockers and amiodarone reduce the frequency of atrial fibrillation after open-heart surgery but the effectiveness of oral amiodarone in older patients already receiving beta-blockers is unknown [12].
  • The relation of treatment adherence to mortality after a myocardial infarction was investigated among 2175 participants in the Beta Blocker Heart Attack Trial, which had data for measures of treatment adherence, clinical severity, and the psychological and social features that may influence post-infarction mortality [13].
  • Letter: Beta blocker and blood viscosity [14].
  • The results with the Beta isomer consistently indicated that the membranes of DS lysosomes were more rigid than the D samples [15].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of DLX4

  • S100-Beta, melanoma-inhibiting activity, and lactate dehydrogenase discriminate progressive from nonprogressive American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV melanoma [16].
  • Thus, in response to the two days of basal hyperglycaemia, both the basal and stimulated Beta-cell responses were enhanced and there was no evidence for 'glucose toxicity' to the Beta-cells [17].
  • Evasion of host defenses by measles virus: wild-type measles virus infection interferes with induction of Alpha/Beta interferon production [18].
  • Effect of Beta blockers, particularly carvedilol, on reducing the risk of events after acute myocardial infarction [19].
  • Aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of obesity on the kinetics and the antihypertensive effect of two Beta-blockers with different solubility such as: the water-soluble, atenolol and the liposoluble, metoprolol [20].
 

Biological context of DLX4

 

Anatomical context of DLX4

 

Associations of DLX4 with chemical compounds

 

Physical interactions of DLX4

 

Regulatory relationships of DLX4

  • Thus, we conclude that DLX-7 is expressed in hematopoietic cells and that the inhibition of its expression results in the decreased levels of GATA-1 and c-myc genes, with an accompanying induction of apoptosis [30].
 

Other interactions of DLX4

  • BP1, a homeodomain-containing isoform of DLX4, represses the beta-globin gene [4].
  • Isolation and identification of homeobox genes from the human placenta including a novel member of the Distal-less family, DLX4 [21].
  • The comparison of MSX-2, DLX-5, and DLX-7 expression patterns during the early stages of development of different human tooth types showed the existence of spatially ordered sequences of homeogene expression along the vestibular/lingual axis of dental epithelium [31].
  • To establish some relationships between those reported human syndromes, previous experimental data in mice, and the expression patterns of MSX and DLX homeogenes in the human dentition, we investigated MSX-2, DLX-5, and DLX-7 expression patterns and compared them in orofacial tissues of 7.5- to 9-wk-old human embryos by using in situ hybridization [31].
  • Protein-binding analysis reveals that the 5' region contains three elements bound by trans-acting factors, beta-protein 1 (BP1) and beta-protein 2 (BP2) [32].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of DLX4

References

  1. BP1, a new homeobox gene, is frequently expressed in acute leukemias. Haga, S.B., Fu, S., Karp, J.E., Ross, D.D., Williams, D.M., Hankins, W.D., Behm, F., Ruscetti, F.W., Chang, M., Smith, B.D., Becton, D., Raimondi, S.C., Berg, P.E. Leukemia (2000) [Pubmed]
  2. A distal-less class homeobox gene, DLX4, is a candidate for regulating epithelial-mesenchymal cell interactions in the human placenta. Quinn, L.M., Latham, S.E., Kalionis, B. Placenta (1998) [Pubmed]
  3. Expression and localization of homeodomain proteins DLX4/HB9 in normal and malignant human breast tissues. Neufing, P.J., Kalionis, B., Horsfall, D.J., Ricciardelli, C., Stahl, J., Vivekanandan, S., Raymond, W., Tilley, W.D. Anticancer Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
  4. BP1, a homeodomain-containing isoform of DLX4, represses the beta-globin gene. Chase, M.B., Fu, S., Haga, S.B., Davenport, G., Stevenson, H., Do, K., Morgan, D., Mah, A.L., Berg, P.E. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  5. Inhibition of beta protein 1 expression enhances beta-globin promoter activity and beta-globin mRNA levels in the human erythroleukemia (K562) cell line. Zoueva, O.P., Rodgers, G.P. Exp. Hematol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  6. Randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled comparison of propranolol and betaxolol in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia. Dumon, J.P., Catteau, J., Lanvin, F., Dupuis, B.A. The American journal of psychiatry. (1992) [Pubmed]
  7. Oscillatory Beta Activity Predicts Response Speed during a Multisensory Audiovisual Reaction Time Task: A High-Density Electrical Mapping Study. Senkowski, D., Molholm, S., Gomez-Ramirez, M., Foxe, J.J. Cereb. Cortex (2006) [Pubmed]
  8. Beta/Gamma EEG activity in patients with primary and secondary insomnia and good sleeper controls. Perlis, M.L., Smith, M.T., Andrews, P.J., Orff, H., Giles, D.E. Sleep. (2001) [Pubmed]
  9. Learning and memory in transgenic mice modeling Alzheimer's disease. Ashe, K.H. Learn. Mem. (2001) [Pubmed]
  10. Recent advances in the psychopharmacology of social phobia. Den Boer, J.A., Van Vliet, I.M., Westenberg, H.G. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry (1994) [Pubmed]
  11. A placebo-controlled clinical trial of nadolol in the prophylaxis of growth of small esophageal varices in cirrhosis. Merkel, C., Marin, R., Angeli, P., Zanella, P., Felder, M., Bernardinello, E., Cavallarin, G., Bolognesi, M., Donada, C., Bellini, B., Torboli, P., Gatta, A. Gastroenterology (2004) [Pubmed]
  12. Oral amiodarone for prevention of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery, the Atrial Fibrillation Suppression Trial (AFIST): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Giri, S., White, C.M., Dunn, A.B., Felton, K., Freeman-Bosco, L., Reddy, P., Tsikouris, J.P., Wilcox, H.A., Kluger, J. Lancet (2001) [Pubmed]
  13. Treatment adherence and risk of death after a myocardial infarction. Horwitz, R.I., Viscoli, C.M., Berkman, L., Donaldson, R.M., Horwitz, S.M., Murray, C.J., Ransohoff, D.F., Sindelar, J. Lancet (1990) [Pubmed]
  14. Letter: Beta blocker and blood viscosity. Dintenfass, L., Lake, R. Lancet (1976) [Pubmed]
  15. Intralysosomal accumulation of polyanions. II. Polyanion internalization and its influence on lysosomal pH and membrane fluidity. Kielian, M.C., Cohn, Z.A. J. Cell Biol. (1982) [Pubmed]
  16. S100-Beta, melanoma-inhibiting activity, and lactate dehydrogenase discriminate progressive from nonprogressive American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV melanoma. Deichmann, M., Benner, A., Bock, M., Jäckel, A., Uhl, K., Waldmann, V., Näher, H. J. Clin. Oncol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  17. No glucotoxicity after 53 hours of 6.0 mmol/l hyperglycaemia in normal man. Flax, H., Matthews, D.R., Levy, J.C., Coppack, S.W., Turner, R.C. Diabetologia (1991) [Pubmed]
  18. Evasion of host defenses by measles virus: wild-type measles virus infection interferes with induction of Alpha/Beta interferon production. Naniche, D., Yeh, A., Eto, D., Manchester, M., Friedman, R.M., Oldstone, M.B. J. Virol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  19. Effect of Beta blockers, particularly carvedilol, on reducing the risk of events after acute myocardial infarction. Kopecky, S.L. Am. J. Cardiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  20. Obesity and beta-blockers: influence of body fat on their kinetics and cardiovascular effects. Galletti, F., Fasano, M.L., Ferrara, L.A., Groppi, A., Montagna, M., Mancini, M. Journal of clinical pharmacology. (1989) [Pubmed]
  21. Isolation and identification of homeobox genes from the human placenta including a novel member of the Distal-less family, DLX4. Quinn, L.M., Johnson, B.V., Nicholl, J., Sutherland, G.R., Kalionis, B. Gene (1997) [Pubmed]
  22. Homeobox genes DLX4 and HB24 are expressed in regions of epithelial-mesenchymal cell interaction in the adult human endometrium. Quinn, L.M., Kilpatrick, L.M., Latham, S.E., Kalionis, B. Mol. Hum. Reprod. (1998) [Pubmed]
  23. Induction of apoptosis by fenretinide in tumor cell lines correlates with DLX2, DLX3 and DLX4 gene expression. Ferrari, N., Paleari, L., Palmisano, G.L., Tammaro, P., Levi, G., Albini, A., Brigati, C. Oncol. Rep. (2003) [Pubmed]
  24. Functional recovery after myocardial infarction in men: the independent effects of social class. Ickovics, J.R., Viscoli, C.M., Horwitz, R.I. Ann. Intern. Med. (1997) [Pubmed]
  25. Molecular cloning of the murine BP-1/6C3 antigen: a member of the zinc-dependent metallopeptidase family. Wu, Q., Lahti, J.M., Air, G.M., Burrows, P.D., Cooper, M.D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1990) [Pubmed]
  26. An alternative pathway to beta -carotene formation in plant chromoplasts discovered by map-based cloning of beta and old-gold color mutations in tomato. Ronen, G., Carmel-Goren, L., Zamir, D., Hirschberg, J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2000) [Pubmed]
  27. Binding of YY1 to the Proximal Region of the Murine Beta Interferon Promoter Is Essential To Allow CBP Recruitment and K8H4/K14H3 Acetylation on the Promoter Region after Virus Infection. Mokrani, H., Sharaf El Dein, O., Mansuroglu, Z., Bonnefoy, E. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  28. Strong linkage disequilibrium of a HbE variant with the (AT)9(T)5 repeat in the BP1 binding site upstream of the beta-globin gene in the Thai population. Ohashi, J., Naka, I., Patarapotikul, J., Hananantachai, H., Brittenham, G., Looareesuwan, S., Clark, A.G., Tokunaga, K. J. Hum. Genet. (2005) [Pubmed]
  29. Binding of HMG-I(Y) elicits structural changes in a silencer of the human beta-globin gene. Chase, M.B., Haga, S.B., Hankins, W.D., Williams, D.M., Bi, Z., Strovel, J.W., Obriecht, C., Berg, P.E. Am. J. Hematol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  30. Inhibition of DLX-7 homeobox gene causes decreased expression of GATA-1 and c-myc genes and apoptosis. Shimamoto, T., Nakamura, S., Bollekens, J., Ruddle, F.H., Takeshita, K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1997) [Pubmed]
  31. Comparative study of MSX-2, DLX-5, and DLX-7 gene expression during early human tooth development. Davideau, J.L., Demri, P., Hotton, D., Gu, T.T., MacDougall, M., Sharpe, P., Forest, N., Berdal, A. Pediatr. Res. (1999) [Pubmed]
  32. The role of trans-acting factors and DNA-bending in the silencing of human beta-globin gene expression. Drew, L.R., Tang, D.C., Berg, P.E., Rodgers, G.P. Nucleic Acids Res. (2000) [Pubmed]
  33. Expression and localization of homeodomain proteins DLX4, HB9 and HB24 in malignant and benign human colorectal tissues. Hollington, P., Neufing, P., Kalionis, B., Waring, P., Bentel, J., Wattchow, D., Tilley, W.D. Anticancer Res. (2004) [Pubmed]
  34. Distinct functions of two isoforms of a homeobox gene, BP1 and DLX7, in the regulation of the beta-globin gene. Fu, S., Stevenson, H., Strovel, J.W., Haga, S.B., Stamberg, J., Do, K., Berg, P.E. Gene (2001) [Pubmed]
  35. Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome and amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism are genetically distinct conditions. Price, J.A., Wright, J.T., Walker, S.J., Crawford, P.J., Aldred, M.J., Hart, T.C. Clin. Genet. (1999) [Pubmed]
  36. Identification of upstream regulatory elements that repress expression of adult beta-like globin genes in a primitive erythroid environment. Ebb, D., Tang, D.C., Drew, L., Chin, K., Berg, P.E., Rodgers, G.P. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. (1998) [Pubmed]
 
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