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Gene Review

Yy1  -  YY1 transcription factor

Mus musculus

Synonyms: AW488674, Delta transcription factor, NF-E1, Transcriptional repressor protein YY1, UCR-motif DNA-binding protein, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of Yy1

  • Allele losses at Tcl1, Yy1 genes and D12Mit233 were observed in 94(45%), 143(68%) and 147(70%) of 210 lymphomas, respectively [1].
  • We previously reported that YY-1, a versatile transcription factor, regulates expression of glycophorin gene by binding to its locus control region-like region (Gp-LCR) in combination with E-box binding protein during murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell differentiation [2].
  • These studies show that UCRBP binds to various target motifs that are distinct from the UCR motif: the adeno-associated virus P5 promoter and elements in the immunoglobulin light- and heavy-chain genes, as well as elements in ribosomal protein genes [3].
  • The 2.4-kb UCRBP message is expressed in all cell lines examined (teratocarcinoma, B- and T-cell, macrophage, fibroblast, and myocyte), consistent with the ubiquitous expression of the UCR-binding factor [3].
  • Infection of HC11 cells with a YY1-expressing recombinant retrovirus resulted in overexpression of YY1 but did not suppress hormonal induction [4].
 

Psychiatry related information on Yy1

  • However, all mutants induced disease with slightly shorter latency periods than the wt SL3-3, suggesting that the YY1 motif as well as its immediate context in the UCR have a negative effect on the pathogenicity of the virus [5].
 

High impact information on Yy1

  • The yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen a human complementary DNA (cDNA) library for proteins that associate with YY1, and a c-myc cDNA was isolated [6].
  • In undifferentiated myoblasts, endogenous Ezh2 was associated with the transcriptional regulator YY1 [7].
  • Upon gene activation, Ezh2, HDAC1, and YY1 dissociated from muscle loci, H3-K27 became hypomethylated and MyoD and SRF were recruited to the chromatin [7].
  • The pTalpha enhancer appears to function preferentially in pre-T cell lines and binds multiple nuclear factors, including YY1 [8].
  • YY1 binds to both the AN enhancer and promoter region [9].
 

Biological context of Yy1

 

Anatomical context of Yy1

  • Our results indicate that YY1 binds to the Col1a1 proximal promoter and functions as a positive regulator of constitutive activity in fibroblasts [10].
  • Furthermore, we demonstrated that forced expression of YY1 in differentiated keratinocytes results in specific downregulation of expression of other early and late differentiation markers [11].
  • We find that SNAP(c) purified from cell lines expressing tagged SNAP(c) subunits is associated with Yin Yang-1 (YY1), a factor implicated in both activation and repression of transcription [13].
  • In semi-quantitative analysis of Yy1 mRNA levels by RT-PCR, kinetics of the yield of the Yy1-cDNA-specific PCR products showed almost the same profiles among thymic lymphomas with allelic loss at Yy1, lymphomas with both alleles retained and normal thymus [1].
  • In similar experiments on primary bone marrow cells, enforced YY1 expression blocked the outgrowth of CFU-GM colonies [14].
 

Associations of Yy1 with chemical compounds

 

Physical interactions of Yy1

  • As these two factors are able to mediate opposing transcriptional effects by reorganizing the local chromatin environment, the relative levels of NFY and YY1 binding could represent a mechanism for balancing activation and repression of Hoxb4 through the same site [17].
  • In addition, YY1 bound specifically to three YY1 binding sites on the proximal promoter of Msx2 that accounted for this transactivation [18].
  • We have also investigated the mechanism by which association with c-Myc inhibits YY1's ability to regulate transcription. c-Myc does not block binding of YY1 to DNA [19].
  • This finding indicates that MGF regulates the DNA binding activity of YY1 and thereby may cause the relief of transcriptional repression [4].
  • DNA-protein binding by gel mobility shift and methylation interference analyses indicated that the pyrimidine-rich sequence immediately flanking the transcription start site consists of an NF-E1 factor binding motif with an overlapping upstream Sp1 binding site [20].
 

Regulatory relationships of Yy1

  • Yin-yang 1 negatively regulates the differentiation-specific transcription of mouse loricrin gene in undifferentiated keratinocytes [11].
  • However, along with our earlier information about c-myc with the present study, clearly indicated the involvement of YY1 in NDEA induced hepatocarcinogenesis and d-limonene mediated chemoprevention which might be regulated by c-myc oncoprotein [15].
  • To test the hypothesis that YY1 regulates Msx2 gene expression, P19 embryonal cells were used in a number of expression and binding assays [18].
  • Overexpression of YY1 strongly repressed the transcriptional capacity of a stably integrated IFN-beta promoter fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene as well as the endogenous IFN activity of murine L929 cells via an HDAC activity [21].
  • Expression of Pax2 in the intermediate mesoderm is regulated by YY1 [22].
 

Other interactions of Yy1

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Yy1

References

  1. Analysis of highly frequent allelic loss region on distal chromosome 12 in murine radiation-induced lymphomas. Park, Y.G., Song, C.W., Mori, N., Sugimoto, K., Hong, D.P., Okumoto, M. Cancer Lett. (2000) [Pubmed]
  2. Direct association of YY-1 with c-Myc and the E-box binding protein in regulation of glycophorin gene expression. Zhao, J.H., Inoue, T., Shoji, W., Nemoto, Y., Obinata, M. Oncogene (1998) [Pubmed]
  3. Cloning of a negative transcription factor that binds to the upstream conserved region of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Flanagan, J.R., Becker, K.G., Ennist, D.L., Gleason, S.L., Driggers, P.H., Levi, B.Z., Appella, E., Ozato, K. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  4. The nuclear factor YY1 participates in repression of the beta-casein gene promoter in mammary epithelial cells and is counteracted by mammary gland factor during lactogenic hormone induction. Meier, V.S., Groner, B. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  5. Triple basepair changes within and adjacent to the conserved YY1 motif upstream of the U3 enhancer repeats of SL3-3 murine leukemia virus cause a small but significant shortening of latency of T-lymphoma induction. Ma, S.L., Lovmand, J., Sørensen, A.B., Luz, A., Schmidt, J., Pedersen, F.S. Virology (2003) [Pubmed]
  6. Inhibition of transcriptional regulator Yin-Yang-1 by association with c-Myc. Shrivastava, A., Saleque, S., Kalpana, G.V., Artandi, S., Goff, S.P., Calame, K. Science (1993) [Pubmed]
  7. The Polycomb Ezh2 methyltransferase regulates muscle gene expression and skeletal muscle differentiation. Caretti, G., Di Padova, M., Micales, B., Lyons, G.E., Sartorelli, V. Genes Dev. (2004) [Pubmed]
  8. Expression of the mouse pre-T cell receptor alpha gene is controlled by an upstream region containing a transcriptional enhancer. Reizis, B., Leder, P. J. Exp. Med. (1999) [Pubmed]
  9. Acetylated YY1 regulates Otx2 expression in anterior neuroectoderm at two cis-sites 90 kb apart. Takasaki, N., Kurokawa, D., Nakayama, R., Nakayama, J., Aizawa, S. EMBO J. (2007) [Pubmed]
  10. YY1 is a positive regulator of transcription of the Col1a1 gene. Riquet, F.B., Tan, L., Choy, B.K., Osaki, M., Karsenty, G., Osborne, T.F., Auron, P.E., Goldring, M.B. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) [Pubmed]
  11. Yin-yang 1 negatively regulates the differentiation-specific transcription of mouse loricrin gene in undifferentiated keratinocytes. Xu, X., Kawachi, Y., Nakamura, Y., Sakurai, H., Hirota, A., Banno, T., Takahashi, T., Roop, D.R., Otsuka, F. J. Invest. Dermatol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  12. Yin yang 1 protein negatively regulates high-density lipoprotein receptor gene transcription by disrupting binding of sterol regulatory element binding protein to the sterol regulatory element. Shea-Eaton, W., Lopez, D., McLean, M.P. Endocrinology (2001) [Pubmed]
  13. A role for Yin Yang-1 (YY1) in the assembly of snRNA transcription complexes. Emran, F., Florens, L., Ma, B., Swanson, S.K., Washburn, M.P., Hernandez, N. Gene (2006) [Pubmed]
  14. The gene encoding the transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a myeloid transforming gene interfering with neutrophilic differentiation. Erkeland, S.J., Valkhof, M., Heijmans-Antonissen, C., Delwel, R., Valk, P.J., Hermans, M.H., Touw, I.P. Blood (2003) [Pubmed]
  15. Involvement of YY1 and its correlation with c-myc in NDEA induced hepatocarcinogenesis, its prevention by d-limonene. Parija, T., Das, B.R. Mol. Biol. Rep. (2003) [Pubmed]
  16. YY1 is involved in RANKL-induced transcription of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase gene in osteoclast differentiation. Shi, Z., Silveira, A., Patel, P., Feng, X. Gene (2004) [Pubmed]
  17. Spatially specific expression of Hoxb4 is dependent on the ubiquitous transcription factor NFY. Gilthorpe, J., Vandromme, M., Brend, T., Gutman, A., Summerbell, D., Totty, N., Rigby, P.W. Development (2002) [Pubmed]
  18. YY1 activates Msx2 gene independent of bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Tan, D.P., Nonaka, K., Nuckolls, G.H., Liu, Y.H., Maxson, R.E., Slavkin, H.C., Shum, L. Nucleic Acids Res. (2002) [Pubmed]
  19. YY1 and c-Myc associate in vivo in a manner that depends on c-Myc levels. Shrivastava, A., Yu, J., Artandi, S., Calame, K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1996) [Pubmed]
  20. Identification of a transcriptional initiator element in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb promoter which binds to transcription factors NF-E1 (YY-1, delta) and Sp1. Basu, A., Park, K., Atchison, M.L., Carter, R.S., Avadhani, N.G. J. Biol. Chem. (1993) [Pubmed]
  21. Transcription factor YY1 binds to the murine beta interferon promoter and regulates its transcriptional capacity with a dual activator/repressor role. Weill, L., Shestakova, E., Bonnefoy, E. J. Virol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  22. Expression of Pax2 in the intermediate mesoderm is regulated by YY1. Patel, S.R., Dressler, G.R. Dev. Biol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  23. Cloning and chromosomal localization of the rat Stat5 and Yy1 genes. Chen, K.S., Paladugu, A., Aldaz, C.M., Gould, M.N. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. (1996) [Pubmed]
  24. Targeted disruption of mouse Yin Yang 1 transcription factor results in peri-implantation lethality. Donohoe, M.E., Zhang, X., McGinnis, L., Biggers, J., Li, E., Shi, Y. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1999) [Pubmed]
 
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