Disease relevance of BAMBI

• Identification of BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI), an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta signaling, as a target of the beta-catenin pathway in colorectal tumor cells [1].
• The expression level of BAMBI was found to be aberrantly elevated in most colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas relative to the corresponding non-cancerous tissues [1].
• Hypermethylation of the BAMBI promoter was observed in microdissected tissue from the ossifying focus but not in that from the typical desmoid-type fibromatosis [2].
• Desmoid tumor with ossification in chest wall: possible involvement of BAMBI promoter hypermethylation in metaplastic bone formation [2].
• From an extended series neuroblastoma cases evaluated for MYCN amplification (MNA) at the "G. Gaslini" Hospital 15 (4 with and 11 without NMA) underwent myeloablative therapy and bone marrow transplantation (MAT-ABMT) [3].

Psychiatry related information on BAMBI

• Managed care and mental health: the current NMA perspective [4].

High impact information on BAMBI

• We show that BAMBI is co-expressed with the ventralizing morphogen BMP4 (refs 5, 6) during Xenopus embryogenesis and that it requires BMP signalling for its expression [5].
• These results suggest that beta-catenin interferes with transforming growth factor-beta-mediated growth arrest by inducing the expression of BAMBI, and this may contribute to colorectal and hepatocellular tumorigenesis [1].
• The reduction of milk xanthine dehydrogenase by salicylate anion radical (SL-), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide radical (NAD.), and 1-methylnicotinamide (NMA) radicals was investigated by the use of pulse radiolysis [6].
• Among factors related to bone formation and the classical wnt-beta-catenin signaling pathway, BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) expression was specifically downregulated at the ossifying focus [2].
• A rare case of desmoid-type fibromatosis with focal metaplastic bone in the chest wall suggested that enhanced responsiveness to BMP signaling by decreasing BAMBI expression through promoter hypermethylation plays a crucial role in the formation of metaplastic bone [2].

Biological context of BAMBI

• Here, we show that BAMBI is also directly induced by TGF-beta signaling, through the three tandem repeats of 13 bp sequences containing the SMAD-binding elements, which are distinct from the BMP-responsive element [7].
• These results indicate that Nma negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling, consequently playing an important role as one of the escape mechanisms from TGF-beta-mediated growth control similarly to BAMBI, and induce cell growth and invasion in human gastric carcinoma cell lines [8].
• We have found that C5 cytosine methylation at CpG sites greatly enhances MC and MS-NMA DNA adduct formation at those sites while reducing adduct formation at non-CpG sequences [9].
• Steady-state spectroscopic measurements demonstrate that Asp and Gln substitution for the C-phycocyanin beta-72 NMA affects both the ground to excited state transition and the excited-state characteristics of the beta-84 chromophore, while the rate of radiative energy transfer is unaffected [10].
• This problem is resolved by checking R factors of each domain, measuring the absolute value of relative rotation between domains, and evaluating the cost value after each candidate conformation is driven to convergence with iterative NMA [11].

Anatomical context of BAMBI

• In this study, we analyzed the functional homology between Nma and BAMBI in human gastric carcinoma cell lines [8].
• After 17 weeks in short days, these NMA-injected animals had large, functional gonads and displayed all components of male sexual behavior [12].
• Intrahypothalamic injections of the excitotoxin N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid (NMA) that destroyed the parvocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) prevented gonadal regression in male hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) kept in short days (LD 6:18) [12].
• 99mTc-labeled mannosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NMA) was prepared and evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical for sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification, since 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) rapidly cleared from injection sites [13].
• The T-helper cell reconstitution was significantly faster after NMA than conventional transplantation and the recovery of B cells was faster after conventional transplantation [14].

Associations of BAMBI with chemical compounds

• BAMBI is a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-family type I receptors and functions as a negative regulator of TGF-beta signaling during development [7].
• The order of potency in inhibiting the EPC (at -90 mV) was NNDEA (less than 0.5 microM) greater than NPA (less than 1.0 microM) greater than NBA (less than 2.0 microM) greater than NEA (19 microM) greater than NMA (42 microM) greater than amantadine (64 microM) [15].
• In 3 monkeys NMDA/NMA produced alternation between extensors and flexors of one limb without alternation between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides [16].
• To test this hypothesis, mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy individuals and subjected to a one-way MLR in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of an L-arginine competitive inhibitor, NG-methyl-L-arginine (NMA: 50 to 500 microM) [17].
• The burst frequency of the NMA-induced activity (dose range 30-5000 microM) is wide and ranges from 0.05-0.1 Hz up to 2.5-4 Hz, while the kainate-induced activity (dose range 7-30 microM) ranges from 0.5-1 Hz up to 4-8 Hz [18].

Regulatory relationships of BAMBI

• Furthermore, we have recently shown that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activates transcription of BAMBI and that BAMBI expression is aberrantly elevated in most colorectal carcinomas [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of BAMBI

• Various levels of nma mRNA expression were detected by the RT-PCR technique in all human gastric carcinoma cell lines [8].
• Multivariate analysis based on the overall (OS) and event free survival (EFS) estimations revealed that near di-tetraploidy was the most powerful biological factor, with a P-value of <0.001 for EFS and OS, followed by NMA (P = 0.015) for OS and del 1p (P= 0.047) for EFS [19].
• Report of the NMA panel on mammography [20].
• N-(Nitrosomethylamino)propionitrile (NMAP) was isolated and identified in the saliva of betel-quid chewers in amounts ranging from 0.5 to 11.4 micrograms/l. Groups of 21 male and 21 female rats were given 60 subcutaneous injections of NMAP over a 20-week period (total doses, 0.055 and 0.23 mmol/rat) [21].

References