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ANXA6  -  annexin A6

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: 67 kDa calelectrin, ANX6, Annexin A6, Annexin VI, Annexin-6, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of ANXA6

  • Similarly, the number of annexin VI-expressing cells significantly increased in the upper cartilage zones during the progression of osteoarthritis [1].
  • We have previously shown that influenza virus encoded a specific mechanism to repress the autophosphorylation and activity of P68 [2].
  • A direct correlation was found between the number of immature virions in the RLV preparation and the amount of P70 [3].
  • In a recent report, we described the down regulation of the P68 protein kinase in cells infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (S [4].
  • Functional expression and characterization of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA activated P68 protein kinase from Escherichia coli [5].
 

Psychiatry related information on ANXA6

  • The cytoarchitectural distribution of annexin VI within neurons was altered in pathological states and annexin VI was strongly associated with neuronal granulovacuolar bodies in Alzheimer's disease [6].
  • Cortical binocularity is abolished by monocular deprivation (MD) during a critical period of development lasting from approximately postnatal day (P) 35 to P70 in ferrets [7].
 

High impact information on ANXA6

  • Addition of purified annexin VI back to the annexin VI-depleted cytosol restores budding activity to normal [8].
  • Annexin VI appears to be not only an active component in the detachment of coated pits from the membrane but also a site for regulating the formation of coated vesicles [8].
  • Previously we reported that annexin VI is required for the budding of clathrin-coated pits from human fibroblast plasma membranes in vitro [9].
  • These findings suggest that fibroblasts are able to make at least two types of coated pits, one of which requires the annexin VI-dependent activation of a cysteine protease to disconnect the clathrin lattice from the spectrin membrane cytoskeleton during the final stages of budding [9].
  • Here we show that annexin VI bound to the NH2-terminal 28-kD portion of membrane spectrin is as effective as cytosolic annexin VI in supporting coated pit budding [9].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of ANXA6

  • The P70/30 T>MIC for cefepime at 2 g every 12 h against E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 0.99/1.0 and 0.96/1.0 and for a regimen of 1 g every 12 h was 0.96/1.0 and 0.93/0.99, respectively [10].
  • In two androgen-dependent (FGC and P70) and two androgen-independent (LNO and R) sublines of the prostate cancer model LNCaP numerical and structural aberrations of chromosome 8 were investigated in detail [11].
 

Biological context of ANXA6

 

Anatomical context of ANXA6

 

Associations of ANXA6 with chemical compounds

  • The GTP fluorescent analogue, 2'(3')-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)guanosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-GTP), quenched tryptophan fluorescence of ANXA6 when bound to the protein [19].
  • RIDS results for ANXA6, obtained after the photorelease of GTP-gamma-S, ATP, or P(i) from the respective caged compounds, were identical, suggesting that the interactions between the nucleotide and ANXA6 were dominated by the phosphate groups [19].
  • Annexin VI was adsorbed to heparin and heparan sulfate columns in a calcium-independent manner, and to chondroitin sulfate columns in a calcium-dependent manner [20].
  • The phospholipid-binding properties of CPB-II were investigated by measuring the binding constants of [125I]-CPB-II using phospholipid vesicles consisting of 80% phosphatidylcholine and 20% phosphatidylserine [13].
  • In particular, annexin VI was not phosphorylated in quiescent cells, but was phosphorylated on serine and to a lesser extent threonine, several hours following cell stimulation [14].
  • In the present study we show that in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing AnxA6, sequestration of cholesterol in late endosomes, leading to reduced amounts of cholesterol in the Golgi, inhibits cPLA(2) activity and its association with the Golgi complex [21].
 

Physical interactions of ANXA6

  • In the Thiel myeloma cell line, TPD52 bound to annexin VI in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, suggesting that these molecules may act in concert to regulate secretory processes in plasma cells, similarly to what was observed in pancreatic acinar cells [22].
 

Regulatory relationships of ANXA6

 

Other interactions of ANXA6

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ANXA6

  • Western blot analyses demonstrated a corresponding decrease (46.1%) in annexin VI protein levels in the heart failure group as compared to controls (2. 63+/-0.22 v 4.88+/-0.52), while annexin II protein levels showed a significant 40.7% increase in patients with heart failure compared to those in normal hearts (5.08+/-0.67 v 3.61+/-0.32) [12].
  • Using co-immunoprecipitation studies, we have shown that the interaction between P120(GAP) and annexin VI is also detectable in rat fibroblasts, suggesting that this interaction may have a physiological role in vivo [28].
  • Analysis of the membrane-bound form of annexin VI by electron microscopy shows the two halves of the molecule coplanar with the membrane, but oriented differently to the crystal structure and suggesting a flexible arrangement [29].
  • The delta Hassoc for annexin VI-membrane interaction was not constant during protein titration but became more exothermic with higher protein density on the membrane [30].
  • Finally, microinjection of a truncated annexin VI that inhibits budding in vitro has the same effect on LDL internalization as ALLN [9].

References

  1. Expression of early and late differentiation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, syndecan-3, annexin VI, and alkaline phosphatase) by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Pfander, D., Swoboda, B., Kirsch, T. Am. J. Pathol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  2. Purification and partial characterization of a cellular inhibitor of the interferon-induced protein kinase of Mr 68,000 from influenza virus-infected cells. Lee, T.G., Tomita, J., Hovanessian, A.G., Katze, M.G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1990) [Pubmed]
  3. Rauscher leukemia virus populations enriched for "immature" virions contain increased amounts of P70, the gag gene product. Luftig, R.B., Yoshinaka, Y. J. Virol. (1978) [Pubmed]
  4. The integrity of the stem structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-responsive sequence of RNA is required for interaction with the interferon-induced 68,000-Mr protein kinase. Roy, S., Agy, M., Hovanessian, A.G., Sonenberg, N., Katze, M.G. J. Virol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  5. Functional expression and characterization of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA activated P68 protein kinase from Escherichia coli. Barber, G.N., Tomita, J., Hovanessian, A.G., Meurs, E., Katze, M.G. Biochemistry (1991) [Pubmed]
  6. Alterations of annexin expression in pathological neuronal and glial reactions. Immunohistochemical localization of annexins I, II (p36 and p11 subunits), IV, and VI in the human hippocampus. Eberhard, D.A., Brown, M.D., VandenBerg, S.R. Am. J. Pathol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  7. Recovery of cortical binocularity and orientation selectivity after the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity. Liao, D.S., Krahe, T.E., Prusky, G.T., Medina, A.E., Ramoa, A.S. J. Neurophysiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  8. Annexin VI is required for budding of clathrin-coated pits. Lin, H.C., Südhof, T.C., Anderson, R.G. Cell (1992) [Pubmed]
  9. Annexin VI-mediated loss of spectrin during coated pit budding is coupled to delivery of LDL to lysosomes. Kamal, A., Ying, Y., Anderson, R.G. J. Cell Biol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  10. Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: report from the ARREST program. Ambrose, P.G., Bhavnani, S.M., Jones, R.N. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2003) [Pubmed]
  11. Characterization of chromosome 8 aberrations in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP-FGC and sublines. König, J.J., Teubel, W., van Steenbrugge, G.J., Romijn, J.C., Hagemeijer, A. Urol. Res. (1999) [Pubmed]
  12. Altered cardiac annexin mRNA and protein levels in the left ventricle of patients with end-stage heart failure. Song, G., Campos, B., Wagoner, L.E., Dedman, J.R., Walsh, R.A. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  13. Phospholipid-binding properties of calphobindin-II(annexin VI), anticoagulant protein from human placenta. Yoshizaki, H., Hashimoto, Y., Arai, K., Ohkuchi, M., Shiratsuchi, M., Shidara, Y., Maki, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (1991) [Pubmed]
  14. A growth-dependent post-translational modification of annexin VI. Moss, S.E., Jacob, S.M., Davies, A.A., Crumpton, M.J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1992) [Pubmed]
  15. Annexins II, IV, V and VI relocate in response to rises in intracellular calcium in human foreskin fibroblasts. Barwise, J.L., Walker, J.H. J. Cell. Sci. (1996) [Pubmed]
  16. Annexin A6 stimulates the membrane recruitment of p120GAP to modulate Ras and Raf-1 activity. Grewal, T., Evans, R., Rentero, C., Tebar, F., Cubells, L., de Diego, I., Kirchhoff, M.F., Hughes, W.E., Heeren, J., Rye, K.A., Rinninger, F., Daly, R.J., Pol, A., Enrich, C. Oncogene (2005) [Pubmed]
  17. Immunolocalization of annexins IV, V and VI in the failing and non-failing human heart. Matteo, R.G., Moravec, C.S. Cardiovasc. Res. (2000) [Pubmed]
  18. Mapping the site of interaction between annexin VI and the p120GAP C2 domain. Chow, A., Gawler, D. FEBS Lett. (1999) [Pubmed]
  19. A putative consensus sequence for the nucleotide-binding site of annexin A6. Bandorowicz-Pikula, J., Kirilenko, A., van Deursen, R., Golczak, M., Kühnel, M., Lancelin, J.M., Pikula, S., Buchet, R. Biochemistry (2003) [Pubmed]
  20. Glycosaminoglycan binding properties of annexin IV, V, and VI. Ishitsuka, R., Kojima, K., Utsumi, H., Ogawa, H., Matsumoto, I. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) [Pubmed]
  21. Annexin A6-induced inhibition of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 is linked to caveolin-1 export from the Golgi. Cubells, L., Vilà de Muga, S., Tebar, F., Bonventre, J.V., Balsinde, J., Pol, A., Grewal, T., Enrich, C. J. Biol. Chem. (2008) [Pubmed]
  22. Tumor protein D52 (TPD52): a novel B-cell/plasma-cell molecule with unique expression pattern and Ca(2+)-dependent association with annexin VI. Tiacci, E., Orvietani, P.L., Bigerna, B., Pucciarini, A., Corthals, G.L., Pettirossi, V., Martelli, M.P., Liso, A., Benedetti, R., Pacini, R., Bolli, N., Pileri, S., Pulford, K., Gambacorta, M., Carbone, A., Pasquarello, C., Scherl, A., Robertson, H., Sciurpi, M.T., Alunni-Bistocchi, G., Binaglia, L., Byrne, J.A., Falini, B. Blood (2005) [Pubmed]
  23. Annexin VI binds S100A1 and S100B and blocks the ability of S100A1 and S100B to inhibit desmin and GFAP assemblies into intermediate filaments. Garbuglia, M., Verzini, M., Donato, R. Cell Calcium (1998) [Pubmed]
  24. Endocytosis occurs independently of annexin VI in human A431 cells. Smythe, E., Smith, P.D., Jacob, S.M., Theobald, J., Moss, S.E. J. Cell Biol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  25. Identification and characterization of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins in human mononuclear cells. Coméra, C., Rothhut, B., Russo-Marie, F. Eur. J. Biochem. (1990) [Pubmed]
  26. Degradation of topoisomerase IIalpha during adenovirus E1A-induced apoptosis is mediated by the activation of the ubiquitin proteolysis system. Nakajima, T., Morita, K., Ohi, N., Arai, T., Nozaki, N., Kikuchi, A., Osaka, F., Yamao, F., Oda, K. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) [Pubmed]
  27. Calcium-dependent binding of the plasma protein apolipoprotein A-I to two members of the annexin family. Brownawell, A.M., Creutz, C.E. Biochemistry (1996) [Pubmed]
  28. The Ca2+-dependent lipid binding domain of P120GAP mediates protein-protein interactions with Ca2+-dependent membrane-binding proteins. Evidence for a direct interaction between annexin VI and P120GAP. Davis, A.J., Butt, J.T., Walker, J.H., Moss, S.E., Gawler, D.J. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) [Pubmed]
  29. The structure of recombinant human annexin VI in crystals and membrane-bound. Benz, J., Bergner, A., Hofmann, A., Demange, P., Göttig, P., Liemann, S., Huber, R., Voges, D. J. Mol. Biol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  30. Direct enthalpy measurements of the calcium-dependent interaction of annexins V and VI with phospholipid vesicles. Plager, D.A., Nelsestuen, G.L. Biochemistry (1994) [Pubmed]
 
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