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TAAR6  -  trace amine associated receptor 6

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: TA4, TAR4, TAR6, TRAR4, TaR-4, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of TAAR6

  • Both methods provided essentially the same results: the serum TA-4 levels were high in patients with SCC of various organs when compared with those of healthy controls and patients with other types of lung cancer or benign diseases [1].
  • The serum level of tumor-antigen 4 (TA-4) was measured in 401 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of various organs (76 lung, 82 esophagus, and 234 head and neck) [2].
  • Consistent with the results of immunostaining, the TA-4 concentrations in SCC tissues of the lung, esophagus, and normal squamous epithelia were much higher than in those of lung cancer other than SCC, benign pulmonary diseases, normal lung, and submandibular gland tissues [3].
  • Effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on growth and tumor antigen-4 (TA-4) production of newly established uterine cervical cancer cell line (OMC-1) are reported [4].
  • The data reported in the present study show that, when stimulated by T-depleted autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (E-) and A/T virus, the TA4 clone was able to induce B cells to polyclonal Ig production [5].
 

Psychiatry related information on TAAR6

 

High impact information on TAAR6

  • Polymorphisms in the trace amine receptor 4 (TRAR4) gene on chromosome 6q23.2 are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia [7].
  • Single-SNP analyses and also haplotype analyses revealed that rs4305745 and/or two other polymorphisms in perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs4305745 appear to be the most likely variants underlying the association of the TRAR4 region with schizophrenia [7].
  • Among them, anti-GT2+T11(1) mAb do not allow optimal proliferation of TA4 helper cloned T cells due, at least in part, to a low level of IL-2 production [8].
  • In human hypothalamic extracts, immunoreactivities of hTAP-3, hTAP-4, hTAP-5, and octa-TRH, were apparently detected [9].
  • We have compared the glucuronidation of TA3, 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic (TA4), T3, and T4 by human and rat liver microsomes [10].
 

Biological context of TAAR6

  • No association of haplotype-tagging SNPs in TRAR4 with schizophrenia in Japanese patients [11].
 

Anatomical context of TAAR6

  • The serum level of tumour-antigen 4 (TA-4) was measured in 181 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of various organs (71 lung, 24 uterus, 16 oesophagus, 64 head and neck and six skin), 34 patients with other types of lung cancer and 35 patients with benign diseases [1].
  • However, the positive ratios assessed as the percentage of patients with elevated serum TA-4 levels were higher with the IRMA method than with the RIA method in SCC of all organs, as much as 2-3 times higher in SCC of the larynx, tongue and pharynx [1].
  • Similarly, patients with SCC of the esophagus and head and neck also showed elevated TA-4 levels but only at advanced stages and in recurrence [2].
  • It was concluded that TA-4 is highly related to SCC not only of the uterine cervix but also of other organs and that serum level determinations are useful for monitoring therapeutic effects and recurrence of these diseases, despite some limitations [2].
  • The LCSC line (HKMUS) consisted of polygonal and round cells containing tonofilaments; these cells discharged tumor antigen-4 (TA-4) into the conditioned media [12].
 

Associations of TAAR6 with chemical compounds

  • In rat liver, TA3 and TA4 were glucuronidated about 20 times faster than T3 and T4 [10].
  • Both TA3 and TA4 glucuronides were stable during treatment with dilute base or methanol, suggesting that they represent ether glucuronides with the phenolic hydroxyl group [10].
  • Both TA3 and TA4 glucuronides were hydrolyzed by treatment for 30 min at 37 C with 0.1 M NaOH and showed transesterification to the methyl esters by treatment with methanol, suggesting that they represent ester glucuronides with the carboxyl group [10].
 

Other interactions of TAAR6

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TAAR6

  • Moreover, RT-PCR studies of various human tissues, including brain, confirm that TRAR4 is preferentially expressed in those brain regions that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia [7].
  • An immunoradiometric assay of tumour-antigen 4 (TA-4): a comparison with conventional radioimmunoassay [1].
  • To compare the results with those obtained by the conventional competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) using a polyclonal antibody, a new immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) method was used which has recently been developed using two monoclonal antibodies raised to different epitopes of TA-4 [1].

References

  1. An immunoradiometric assay of tumour-antigen 4 (TA-4): a comparison with conventional radioimmunoassay. Mino-Miyagawa, N., Kimura, Y., Hamamoto, K. Br. J. Cancer (1990) [Pubmed]
  2. Availability of tumor-antigen 4 as a marker of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and other organs. Mino, N., Iio, A., Hamamoto, K. Cancer (1988) [Pubmed]
  3. Tumor-antigen 4. Its immunohistochemical distribution and tissue and serum concentrations in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and esophagus. Mino-Miyagawa, N., Kimura, Y., Hamamoto, K. Cancer (1990) [Pubmed]
  4. Scatchard analysis of EGF receptor and effects of EGF on growth and TA-4 production of newly established uterine cervical cancer cell line (OMC-1). Ueda, M., Ueki, M., Yamada, T., Okamoto, Y., Maeda, T., Sugimoto, O., Otsuki, Y. Hum. Cell (1989) [Pubmed]
  5. Polyclonal B-cell activation by influenza A/Texas virus-specific human T-cell clones. Juy, D., Sterkers, G., Gomez, A., Zelizewski, D., Lévy, J.P. Ann. Inst. Pasteur Immunol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  6. No association of the trace amine-associated receptor 6 with bipolar disorder in a northern Swedish population. Venken, T., Alaerts, M., Adolfsson, R., Broeckhoven, C.V., Del-Favero, J. Psychiatr. Genet. (2006) [Pubmed]
  7. Polymorphisms in the trace amine receptor 4 (TRAR4) gene on chromosome 6q23.2 are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. Duan, J., Martinez, M., Sanders, A.R., Hou, C., Saitou, N., Kitano, T., Mowry, B.J., Crowe, R.R., Silverman, J.M., Levinson, D.F., Gejman, P.V. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (2004) [Pubmed]
  8. Interleukin 2 up-regulates its own production. Hu, J., Vaquero, C., Huet, S., Bernard, A., Sterkers, G. J. Immunol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  9. Different posttranslational processing of human preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone in the human placenta and hypothalamus. Mori, M., Yamada, M., Satoh, T., Murakami, M., Iriuchijima, T., Kobayashi, I. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (1992) [Pubmed]
  10. Rapid glucuronidation of tri- and tetraiodothyroacetic acid to ester glucuronides in human liver and to ether glucuronides in rat liver. Moreno, M., Kaptein, E., Goglia, F., Visser, T.J. Endocrinology (1994) [Pubmed]
  11. No association of haplotype-tagging SNPs in TRAR4 with schizophrenia in Japanese patients. Ikeda, M., Iwata, N., Suzuki, T., Kitajima, T., Yamanouchi, Y., Kinoshita, Y., Inada, T., Ozaki, N. Schizophr. Res. (2005) [Pubmed]
  12. Differences between cell lines of uterine cervical glassy cell carcinoma and large cell nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Ishiwata, I., Ishiwata, C., Soma, M., Ono, I., Nakaguchi, T., Nozawa, S., Ishikawa, H. Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. (1990) [Pubmed]
  13. Failure to find association between TRAR4 and schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. Duan, S., Du, J., Xu, Y., Xing, Q., Wang, H., Wu, S., Chen, Q., Li, X., Li, X., Shen, J., Feng, G., He, L. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) (2006) [Pubmed]
 
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