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NOG  -  noggin

Gallus gallus

 
 
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Disease relevance of NOG

  • To determine whether TGFbeta2 or other signaling factors regulate Slug expression during EMT in the heart, we cultured AV canal explants in the presence of anti-TGFbeta2 antibody, anti-TGFbeta3 antibody, pertussis toxin, retinoic acid, noggin, or anti-HGF antibody [1].
 

High impact information on NOG

  • BMP4 and noggin control embryonic blood vessel formation by antagonistic regulation of VEGFR-2 (Quek1) expression [2].
  • Ectopic noggin blocks sensory and nonsensory organ morphogenesis in the chicken inner ear [3].
  • Here we describe the pattern of expression of the chicken noggin gene during somite and limb development, two tissues in which BMPs have been postulated to play essential patterning roles [4].
  • Coexpression of ashwin with the bone morphogenetic protein-4 antagonist noggin has a synergistic effect on neural-specific gene expression in isolated animal cap ectoderm [5].
  • Disturbances of NOG-GDF5-BMPR1B signaling cascade can result in similar clinical manifestations depending on the quantitative effect and mode of action of the specific mutations within the same functional pathway.European Journal of Human Genetics (2006) 14, 1248-1254. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201708; published online 6 September 2006 [6].
 

Biological context of NOG

  • Our results show that up-regulation of BMP4 leads to an increase of the number of blood vessels, whereas inhibition of BMP4 by noggin results in a reduction of blood vessels [2].
  • The mutual down-regulation of noggin/chordin and BMP-4 is proposed to function as an indirect self-enhancement, establishing in this way an essential prerequisite for primary pattern formation [7].
  • Treatment of somites with either the combination of Wnt-3a and Shh, or ectodermal signals plus noggin, both of which induce somitic myogenesis, did not significantly affect Numb transcript levels but did lead to a dramatic increase in the levels of Numb protein, which was uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the resultant myotubes [8].
 

Anatomical context of NOG

  • We have cloned and examined the early developmental expression of the chick homolog of noggin, a gene originally isolated in Xenopus that can dorsalize gastrular mesoderm and induce anterior neural tissue from gastrular ectoderm when expressed experimentally [9].
  • Chick noggin is expressed at relatively low levels, but at sites equivalent to those seen in amphibian development, namely Hensen's node and the endo- and mesodermal head process [9].
  • Implantation of noggin-expressing CHO cells at the anterior midline of stage 7 embryos resulted in cardia bifida [10].
  • Removal of endoderm at stage 5 had no effect on cTNT mRNA levels, and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor noggin failed to block cTNT expression, even in the heart-forming region and in cases where heart formation was inhibited [10].
 

Other interactions of NOG

  • As an initial step in addressing this issue, we have investigated by in situ hybridization the expression patterns of BMP-2, -4, -5, -6, and -7, BMP receptor kinases (BRKs) -1, -2, and -3, and BMP binding proteins noggin and chordin, in the chick embryonic eye at embryonic day 3 (E3), and in isolated retinas at E6, E8, and E18 [11].
  • Expression of four BMP antagonist genes, noggin, chordin, gremlin and Follistatin, was examined during chick feather development [12].
  • While Brachyury, a pan-mesodermal marker gene, ERNI, the earliest known marker for neural induction in chick, and noggin, important in neural tube patterning, are upregulated, expression of goosecoid, necessary for gastrulation movements, does not appear to be significantly altered [13].

References

  1. Slug is an essential target of TGFbeta2 signaling in the developing chicken heart. Romano, L.A., Runyan, R.B. Dev. Biol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  2. BMP4 and noggin control embryonic blood vessel formation by antagonistic regulation of VEGFR-2 (Quek1) expression. Nimmagadda, S., Geetha Loganathan, P., Huang, R., Scaal, M., Schmidt, C., Christ, B. Dev. Biol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. Ectopic noggin blocks sensory and nonsensory organ morphogenesis in the chicken inner ear. Chang, W., Nunes, F.D., De Jesus-Escobar, J.M., Harland, R., Wu, D.K. Dev. Biol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  4. Endogenous and ectopic expression of noggin suggests a conserved mechanism for regulation of BMP function during limb and somite patterning. Capdevila, J., Johnson, R.L. Dev. Biol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  5. Novel gene ashwin functions in Xenopus cell survival and anteroposterior patterning. Patil, S.S., Alexander, T.B., Uzman, J.A., Lou, C.H., Gohil, H., Sater, A.K. Dev. Dyn. (2006) [Pubmed]
  6. A novel R486Q mutation in BMPR1B resulting in either a brachydactyly type C/symphalangism-like phenotype or brachydactyly type A2. Lehmann, K., Seemann, P., Boergermann, J., Morin, G., Reif, S., Knaus, P., Mundlos, S. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. (2006) [Pubmed]
  7. Models for organizer and notochord formation. Meinhardt, H. C. R. Acad. Sci. III, Sci. Vie (2000) [Pubmed]
  8. Asymmetric localization of numb in the chick somite and the influence of myogenic signals. Holowacz, T., Zeng, L., Lassar, A.B. Dev. Dyn. (2006) [Pubmed]
  9. Chick noggin is expressed in the organizer and neural plate during axial development, but offers no evidence of involvement in primary axis formation. Connolly, D.J., Patel, K., Cooke, J. Int. J. Dev. Biol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  10. Precocious expression of cardiac troponin T in early chick embryos is independent of bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Antin, P.B., Bales, M.A., Zhang, W., Garriock, R.J., Yatskievych, T.A., Bates, M.A. Dev. Dyn. (2002) [Pubmed]
  11. Developmental expression patterns of bone morphogenetic proteins, receptors, and binding proteins in the chick retina. Belecky-Adams, T., Adler, R. J. Comp. Neurol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  12. Differential expression of two BMP antagonists, gremlin and Follistatin, during development of the chick feather bud. Ohyama, A., Saito, F., Ohuchi, H., Noji, S. Mech. Dev. (2001) [Pubmed]
  13. Acceleration of early chick embryo morphogenesis by insulin is associated with altered expression of embryonic genes. Patwardhan, V., Gokhale, M., Ghaskadbi, S. Int. J. Dev. Biol. (2004) [Pubmed]
 
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