Disease relevance of CIMT

• Ten-year coronary heart disease risk increased 6.24%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [5.11;7.37] per standard deviation (S.D.) increase in PWV, 6.39% [5.24;7.54] per S.D. increase in CIMT and 2.50% [1.19;3.80] per S.D. increase in AIx [1].
• B vitamins reduce the progression of CIMT in renal transplant recipients and vascular disease patients as demonstrated by two trials [2].
• Observational studies generally failed to demonstrate a relationship between homocysteine and CIMT in homocystinuric, uremic, hypercholesterolemic or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients or in subjects with insulin insensitivity [2].
• DISCUSSION: In non-patient populations, hyperhomocysteinemia is weakly associated with CIMT [2].
• CIMT measurements were made at baseline, annually, and at study end, together with measurements of obesity, serum lipids, and glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance tests [3].

Psychiatry related information on CIMT

• RESULTS: The cumulative dose of regular insulin showed a positive and significant relation with CIMT: increase of 21 microm in CIMT per S.D. of insulin use (95% CI: 8-35 adjusted for gender and age), which remained unchanged after adjustment for duration of diabetes, HbA1c, BMI, pulse pressure, physical activity and carotid lumen diameter [4].
• In the current issue of the Journal, Van den Berkmortel and coworkers' report on the effect of smoking cessation on cardiovascular risk reduction, as estimated by assessment of progression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and arterial stiffness [5].

High impact information on CIMT

• Estrogen users also had lower levels of subclinical disease as measured by carotid intimal-medial thickness, carotid stenosis grade, ECG left ventricular mass, and Doppler mitral peak flow velocities (each P < .02) [6].
• The objective of this study was to measure interactions among groupings of the features of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) on carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) [7].
• Metabolic syndromeNCEP (AUC = 0.557, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.513 to 0.601) and MetSWHO (AUC = 0.539, 95% CI 0.495 to 0.584) both predicted composite CIMT > or =75th percentile [8].
• Additional supportive studies indicate that carotid intimal medial thickness and the volume of coronary atheroma also can be reduced by LDL cholesterol reduction in concert with elevation of HDL cholesterol [9].
• Vascular function and carotid intimal-medial thickness in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of CIMT

• We compared the effects of two insulin secretagogues, repaglinide and glyburide, known to have different efficacy on postprandial hyperglycemia, on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and markers of systemic vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients [11].
• A number of agents that include 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and insulin sensitizers reduce carotid intimal-medial thickness and cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke [12].

Biological context of CIMT

• The majority of studies demonstrated increased CIMT in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype [2].
• The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) inter-individual variability and 16 polymorphisms of 11 genes associated with cardiovascular risk factors (genes among lipid and homocysteine metabolisms, blood viscosity, platelet aggregation, leukocyte adhesion and renin-angiotensin system) [13].
• 1. The aim of the present study was to investigate carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in relation to anthropometric, environmental and genetic factors, as well as cholesterol and blood pressure levels [14].
• CIMT and MetS associations were evaluated with multivariable regression and area under receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) analyses [8].
• Carotid artery intimal medial thickness (CIMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) are ultrasound imaging based surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk [15].

Anatomical context of CIMT

• CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of CIMT and AoIMT may be useful in selecting patients who do not require coronary angiography before heart valve surgery [16].
• OBJECTIVES: We assessed the value of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and thoracic aorta intima-media thickness (AoIMT) in ruling out significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients scheduled for heart valve surgery [16].
• Common CIMT was measured at baseline in both carotid arteries [17].
• The relation of hemoglobin levels with common carotid IMT (CIMT), presence of a>/=50% internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) and prevalent peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was assessed with linear and logistic regression analyses [18].
• An NO response to 17beta-estradiol according to age, time since menopause and baseline CIMT was not found arguing against a possible NO effect in healthy versus diseased endothelium [19].

Associations of CIMT with chemical compounds

• METHODS: We searched literature databases for articles examining homocysteine and CIMT published before September 2003 [2].
• Folate status showed no relation to CIMT [2].
• Associations between CIMT and polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein CIII, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase and fibrinogen genes were observed and explained approximately 20% of CIMT variation in men [14].
• The mean rate of CIMT change was 31% lower in women assigned to troglitazone (P = 0.048) [3].
• We tested the effects of treatment with a thiazolidinedione drug on rates of progression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and some putative determinants of CIMT in young women at high risk for type 2 diabetes [3].

Regulatory relationships of CIMT

• CONCLUSIONS: This large family study shows that the rare T allele at the C538T polymorphism of LEP substantially influences pulse pressure and CIMT, but does not appear to exert this effect through actions on plasma leptin level or BMI [20].

Other interactions of CIMT

• The association of the 677 C--> T MTHFR polymorphism with CIMT further supports this finding [2].
• There was no association between CIMT and any CRP gene polymorphism in either population [21].
• Statistical analyses were carried out by ANOVA, after adjustment of CIMT for age, body mass index, and smoking, and by multiple regression analyses [13].
• The CIMT of renal transplant patients was similar in IL-10 (-819, -592) and TNF-alpha (-308, -238) genotypes [22].
• Right and left CIMT were higher in TT genotype (n = 16) than CT (n = 46) and CC (n = 10) genotypes of TGF-beta1 codon 10 (T-->C) gene polymorphism (RCIMT, 7.7 +/- 2.2 mm vs. 7.0 +/- 1.4 mm vs. 5.9 +/- 1.4 mm, P = 0.025; LCIMT, 8.5 +/- 2.5 mm vs. 7.0 +/- 1.3 mm vs. 6.1 +/- 1.2 mm, P = 0.002) [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CIMT

• CIMT was measured by high resolution B-mode ultrasonography in an healthy population of 77 men and 84 women, aged 35-54 years and selected from a French Cohort: the Stanislas Cohort [13].
• Nishimura (Chicago, USA), were "cellular therapies" and "vaccination against cancer". The lectures selected for this report aim to provide an overview of the complete scientific program and give an impression of the lively atmosphere that could be felt from the first until the last session of CIMT 2005 [23].
• Subsequently, CIMT has been a valuable research tool in clinical trials in the assessment of therapeutic agents directed against atherosclerosis [24].
• Intervention studies have shown that modification of CHD risk factors can significantly reduce progression of CIMT [25].
• The mean CIMT in patients and control group were 0.79 +/- 0.16 mm and 0.54 +/- 0.09 mm, respectively [26].

References