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Gene Review

for  -  foraging

Drosophila melanogaster

Synonyms: 142251_at, BcDNA:GM08338, CG10033, DG2, Dg2, ...
 
 
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Psychiatry related information on for

  • Larvae of the natural variant sitter (for(s)) show less locomotor activity during feeding and have a lower PKG activity than rover (for(R)) larvae [1].
 

High impact information on for

  • Molecular mapping placed for mutations in the dg2 gene, which encodes a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) [2].
  • The percentage amino acid identity between DG1 or DG2 and bovine lung cGMP-dependent protein kinase is 55 and 64%, respectively [3].
  • Activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) affects sucrose responsiveness and habituation in Drosophila melanogaster [1].
  • Response decrement was most rapid in genotypes previously shown to have low PKG activities and sitter-like foraging behavior [4].
  • Here, we show that the rate of stimulus-dependent response decrement of this neural pathway in a habituation protocol is correlated with PKG (cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase) activity and foraging behavior [4].
 

Biological context of for

  • A common progenitor of the two cGMP-dependent protein kinase genes, DG1 and DG2, is strongly suggested by the conserved positions of introns in these genes [3].
  • The pervasive effects of the for-PKG on neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and nerve connectivity illustrate the magnitude of neuronal variability in Drosophila that can be attributed to a single gene [5].
  • These findings establish the consequences in cellular function for natural variation in an isoform of PKG and suggest a role for natural selection in maintaining variation in neuronal properties [5].
 

Associations of for with chemical compounds

  • We used rover and sitter adult flies to test whether PKG activity affects (1) responsiveness to sucrose stimuli applied to the front tarsi, and (2) habituation of proboscis extension after repeated sucrose stimulation [1].
  • We show that the age-related transition by honey bees from hive work to foraging is associated with an increase in the expression of the foraging (for) gene, which encodes a guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG). cGMP treatment elevated PKG activity and caused foraging behavior [6].
 

Other interactions of for

  • The largest (DG2; T1) and smallest (DG2;T3) RNAs encode overlapping polypeptides of similar sequence to the whole length of bovine lung cGMP-dependent protein kinase [3].

References

  1. Activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) affects sucrose responsiveness and habituation in Drosophila melanogaster. Scheiner, R., Sokolowski, M.B., Erber, J. Learn. Mem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  2. Natural behavior polymorphism due to a cGMP-dependent protein kinase of Drosophila. Osborne, K.A., Robichon, A., Burgess, E., Butland, S., Shaw, R.A., Coulthard, A., Pereira, H.S., Greenspan, R.J., Sokolowski, M.B. Science (1997) [Pubmed]
  3. cGMP-dependent protein kinase genes in Drosophila. Kalderon, D., Rubin, G.M. J. Biol. Chem. (1989) [Pubmed]
  4. A cGMP-dependent protein kinase gene, foraging, modifies habituation-like response decrement of the giant fiber escape circuit in Drosophila. Engel, J.E., Xie, X.J., Sokolowski, M.B., Wu, C.F. Learn. Mem. (2000) [Pubmed]
  5. Neuronal polymorphism among natural alleles of a cGMP-dependent kinase gene, foraging, in Drosophila. Renger, J.J., Yao, W.D., Sokolowski, M.B., Wu, C.F. J. Neurosci. (1999) [Pubmed]
  6. Influence of gene action across different time scales on behavior. Ben-Shahar, Y., Robichon, A., Sokolowski, M.B., Robinson, G.E. Science (2002) [Pubmed]
 
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