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Gene Review

MT-TG  -  mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: TRNG, tRNA, trnG
 
 
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Disease relevance of MT-TG

  • Dramatic increase in a single genotype of TRNG ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in men who have sex with men [1].
  • Between 1988 and 1995, 518 strains of TRNG (tetracycline MIC > 8.mg/l) were referred to the Gonococcus Reference Unit by other laboratories or isolated from routine swabs taken at local clinics [2].
  • MATERIAL/METHODS: MT-transgenic (MT-TG), MT-knockout (MT-KO), and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis compared to controls (no DSS) [3].
 

High impact information on MT-TG

  • The chromosome 1p breakpoint was localized within a repetitive region encoding t-RNA genes, with 12A-2 (PND) as most distal and pHE2.6 (A12M2) as most proximal single-copy breakpoint flanking markers [4].
  • Monthly surveillance of gonococcal isolates showed the prevalence of gonococci with high-level, plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance (TRNG) to be about 15% for three consecutive 6-mo periods [5].
  • CONCLUSION: Simple screening tests were found to be reliable predictors of TRNG. tetM was detected by PCR in all strains tested and exhibited some genetic variation that may be of use for epidemiological typing [6].
  • Here, we report on the identification of three clusters of DNA polymorphisms, one in each of the constant regions of the human T cell receptor alpha and beta gene complexes on human chromosomes 14 and 7, respectively, and a third among the human t-RNA genes on human chromosome 14 [7].
  • A geographical variation in the type of penicillinase coding plasmids found in PPNG/TRNG was also detected [2].
 

Biological context of MT-TG

 

Anatomical context of MT-TG

  • RESULTS: A significant reduction in diabetes-induced increases in TUNEL-positive cells, caspase-3 activation, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria was observed in the MT-TG mice as compared to WT mice [8].
 

Associations of MT-TG with chemical compounds

  • Norfloxacin resistance (MIC > or = 1 microgram/ml) was present in 28.5% of TRNG but only in 5.5% of the other gonococcal isolates [9].
  • Of the 50 gonococci isolates tested, all were resistant to tetracycline; 47 were TRNG, 26 were PPNG, and 6 were resistant to thiamphenicol [10].
  • Other enzyme sites which were affected by (4) marginally were t-RNA and r-RNA polymerases, dihydrofolate reductase, aspartate transcarboxylase, and nucleoside kinases. d(NTP) pools of L1210 cells were reduced after 60 min [11].
  • METHODS: Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (150 mg/kg) in cardiac-specific, metallothionein-overexpressing transgenic (MT-TG) mice and wild-type (WT) controls [8].
 

Regulatory relationships of MT-TG

  • A significant prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy and enhanced animal survival were observed in the MT-TG diabetic mice as compared to WT diabetic mice [8].
 

Other interactions of MT-TG

  • The subeellular level of MT was highest in intestinal crypts loci of MT-TG mice and was not observed in MT-KO mice as well as in the inflammatory lesions [3].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MT-TG

References

  1. Dramatic increase in a single genotype of TRNG ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in men who have sex with men. Palmer, H.M., Young, H. International journal of STD & AIDS. (2006) [Pubmed]
  2. Molecular epidemiology of tetM genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Turner, A., Gough, K.R., Leeming, J.P. Sexually transmitted infections. (1999) [Pubmed]
  3. Metallothionein overexpression does not protect against inflammatory bowel disease in a murine colitis model. Oz, H.S., Chen, T., de Villiers, W.J., McClain, C.J. Med. Sci. Monit. (2005) [Pubmed]
  4. Constitutional translocation t(1;17)(p36.31-p36.13;q11.2-q12.1) in a neuroblastoma patient. Establishment of somatic cell hybrids and identification of PND/A12M2 on chromosome 1 and NF1/SCYA7 on chromosome 17 as breakpoint flanking single copy markers. Laureys, G., Speleman, F., Versteeg, R., van der Drift, P., Chan, A., Leroy, J., Francke, U., Opdenakker, G., Van Roy, N. Oncogene (1995) [Pubmed]
  5. Determinants of emergence of antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Hook, E.W., Brady, W.E., Reichart, C.A., Upchurch, D.M., Sherman, L.A., Wasserheit, J.N. J. Infect. Dis. (1989) [Pubmed]
  6. Detection of the tetM determinant in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Ison, C.A., Tekki, N., Gill, M.J. Sexually transmitted diseases. (1993) [Pubmed]
  7. Identification of clusters of biallelic polymorphic sequence-tagged sites (pSTSs) that generate highly informative and automatable markers for genetic linkage mapping. Nickerson, D.A., Whitehurst, C., Boysen, C., Charmley, P., Kaiser, R., Hood, L. Genomics (1992) [Pubmed]
  8. Attenuation by metallothionein of early cardiac cell death via suppression of mitochondrial oxidative stress results in a prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cai, L., Wang, Y., Zhou, G., Chen, T., Song, Y., Li, X., Kang, Y.J. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  9. Antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in India (New Delhi). Bhalla, P., Sethi, K., Reddy, B.S., Mathur, M.D. Sexually transmitted infections. (1998) [Pubmed]
  10. Plasmid patterns and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Bandung, Indonesia. Djajakusumah, T., Sudigdoadi, S., Meheus, A., Van Dyck, E. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1998) [Pubmed]
  11. The cytotoxicity of 3-imino-1-oxoisoindolines in murine and human tissue culture cells. Hall, I.H., Wong, O.T. Anticancer Drugs (1994) [Pubmed]
 
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