The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

Links

 

Gene Review

A4GALT  -  alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: A14GALT, A4GALT1, Alpha-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, Alpha-1,4-galactosyltransferase, Alpha4Gal-T1, ...
 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Disease relevance of A4GALT

  • In this study, protein sequencing was used to identify the PK cleavage sites of PrP(Sc) in 36 cases of prion diseases [1].
  • On the contrary, in glioblastoma particulate, the PK enzyme is mainly eluted at 50 and 100 mM buffer; neither of these isozymes is cyclic nucleotide dependent [2].
  • A major determinant of neurovirulence for the GDVII strain of Theiler's virus, a murine picornavirus, was mapped to the P1 capsid protein region [3].
  • Immunogenicity of synthetic peptides of Haemophilus influenzae type b outer membrane protein P1 [4].
  • This protein was susceptible to complete proteinase K (PK) digestion in normal brain preparations and it is suggested that scrapie infection is responsible for post-translational modifications which confer PK resistance in scrapie preparations [5].
 

Psychiatry related information on A4GALT

  • The unglycosylated PK-resistant PrP(Sc) of CWD migrated at 21 kDa with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of type 1 human PrP(Sc) present in sporadic CJD affecting subjects homozygous for methionine at codon 129 (sCJDMM1) [6].
 

High impact information on A4GALT

  • This insulin-induced shift in RAC-PK was also observed in primary rat epididymal adipocytes, as well as in a muscle cell line called C2C12 cells [7].
  • Passage 1 (P1) and P10 cells have identical morphology, immunophenotype, telomere length, and differentiation capacity [8].
  • In contrast, chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis in chloroplasts, has no effect on the light activation of maize PEPC-PK [9].
  • Taken together, these results indicate that the most proximal GATA element in the P1 promoter is needed for fur gene expression in megakaryoblastic cells [10].
  • It appears that in adipocytes, P1 3-kinase prevents activation of GAP [11].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of A4GALT

  • Finally, in both glioblastoma subcellular preparations, only a type II cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent PK is present [2].
  • N-terminal protein sequencing demonstrated PK cleavage sites at glycine (G) 82 and G78, as previously reported in CJD with the E200K-129 M haplotype [12].
  • Co-existence of hereditary spherocytosis and a new red cell pyruvate kinase variant: PK mallorca [13].
  • Peritoneal cells were derived from a patient (PK) with adenocarcinoma of the colon during the course of cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) treatment [14].
  • In this study, the effects of guanidine (Gdn), which solubilizes and denatures proteins by breaking down their higher structure, on the solubility, the PK-resistance in vitro and the infectivity of PrP(Sc) of scrapie strain 263K was examined [15].
 

Biological context of A4GALT

 

Anatomical context of A4GALT

  • Differences in the transcriptional regulation in erythrocytes might be a major factor determining P1/P2 [21].
  • Expression levels of Gb3/CD77 synthase together with Gb3/CD77 antigen were analyzed using human hematopoietic tumor cell lines and normal cells [22].
  • Immunohistochemical staining revealed that DM-PK is localised prominently at sites of neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions (NMJs and MTJs) of human and rodent skeletal muscles [23].
  • In cytosol, the major portion of the enzyme is eluted with a 300 mM buffer (about 50% of the total basal PK activity) and is cyclic nucleotide dependent [2].
  • Preincubation of human granules with calcium, a treatment which totally inactivates the hemolytic and cytotoxic activity of murine lymphocyte granules [perforin 1 (P1)] had no effect on human LAK granule cytotoxicity for nucleated cells [24].
 

Associations of A4GALT with chemical compounds

  • Recent studies have demonstrated that this trinucleotide motif forms part of the last, 3' untranslated exon of a gene which potentially encodes multiple protein isoforms of a serine/threonine protein kinase (myotonic dystrophy protein kinase, DM-PK) [23].
  • Furthermore, these isozyme forms have properties similar to those referred to as type I and type II cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent PK [2].
  • In these chromatographic isozymes, cyclic adenosine 3';5'-monophosphate is more active in stimulating the basal PK enzyme than is cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate [2].
  • The method involves the sonication of the skin mucus with 0.05 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, to solubilize the glycoprotein, followed by DE52-cellulose chromatography of the extract, Nuclease P1 treatment, and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration [25].
  • Paragloboside (lacto-N-neotetraosyl ceramide) is a biosynthetic precursor of the ABH and P1 blood group glycosphingolipids and of one class of gangliosides [26].
 

Regulatory relationships of A4GALT

 

Other interactions of A4GALT

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of A4GALT

  • The coding region in the A4GALT gene for DNA sequencing was amplified by PCR amplification [16].
  • Sequence analysis of the coding region of alpha4Gal-T1 in P(1)+/- individuals did not reveal polymorphisms correlating with P(1)P(2) typing [18].
  • Molecular cloning of globotriaosylceramide/CD77 synthase, a glycosyltransferase that initiates the synthesis of globo series glycosphingolipids [29].
  • We describe a novel homozygous null mutation of the PKLR gene found in a girl with a prenatal diagnosis of PK deficiency [30].
  • Human LAK granules appear to contain P1 detected as cross-reactive antigen detected by mouse anti-P1 and human anti-C9 in Western blot analysis [24].

References

  1. Genetic influence on the structural variations of the abnormal prion protein. Parchi, P., Zou, W., Wang, W., Brown, P., Capellari, S., Ghetti, B., Kopp, N., Schulz-Schaeffer, W.J., Kretzschmar, H.A., Head, M.W., Ironside, J.W., Gambetti, P., Chen, S.G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2000) [Pubmed]
  2. Multiple forms of protein kinase from normal human brain and glioblastoma. Frattola, L., Canal, N., Ferrarese, C., Tonini, C., Tonon, G., Villani, R., Trabucchi, M. Cancer Res. (1983) [Pubmed]
  3. Assembly of Theiler's virus recombinants used in mapping determinants of neurovirulence. Pritchard, A.E., Jensen, K., Lipton, H.L. J. Virol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  4. Immunogenicity of synthetic peptides of Haemophilus influenzae type b outer membrane protein P1. Chong, P., Yang, Y.P., Persaud, D., Haer, M., Tripet, B., Tam, E., Sia, C., Klein, M. Infect. Immun. (1995) [Pubmed]
  5. Detection of scrapie-associated fibril (SAF) proteins using anti-SAF antibody in non-purified tissue preparations. Rubenstein, R., Kascsak, R.J., Merz, P.A., Papini, M.C., Carp, R.I., Robakis, N.K., Wisniewski, H.M. J. Gen. Virol. (1986) [Pubmed]
  6. Chronic wasting disease of elk and deer and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: comparative analysis of the scrapie prion protein. Xie, Z., O'Rourke, K.I., Dong, Z., Jenny, A.L., Langenberg, J.A., Belay, E.D., Schonberger, L.B., Petersen, R.B., Zou, W., Kong, Q., Gambetti, P., Chen, S.G. J. Biol. Chem. (2006) [Pubmed]
  7. Insulin stimulates the kinase activity of RAC-PK, a pleckstrin homology domain containing ser/thr kinase. Kohn, A.D., Kovacina, K.S., Roth, R.A. EMBO J. (1995) [Pubmed]
  8. Isolation of multipotent progenitor cells from human fetal liver capable of differentiating into liver and mesenchymal lineages. Dan, Y.Y., Riehle, K.J., Lazaro, C., Teoh, N., Haque, J., Campbell, J.S., Fausto, N. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2006) [Pubmed]
  9. Protein turnover as a component in the light/dark regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein-serine kinase activity in C4 plants. Jiao, J., Echevarría, C., Vidal, J., Chollet, R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1991) [Pubmed]
  10. Furin gene (fur) regulation in differentiating human megakaryoblastic Dami cells: involvement of the proximal GATA recognition motif in the P1 promoter and impact on the maturation of furin substrates. Laprise, M.H., Grondin, F., Cayer, P., McDonald, P.P., Dubois, C.M. Blood (2002) [Pubmed]
  11. Functional interactions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with GTPase-activating protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DePaolo, D., Reusch, J.E., Carel, K., Bhuripanyo, P., Leitner, J.W., Draznin, B. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  12. Insomnia associated with thalamic involvement in E200K Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Taratuto, A.L., Piccardo, P., Reich, E.G., Chen, S.G., Sevlever, G., Schultz, M., Luzzi, A.A., Rugiero, M., Abecasis, G., Endelman, M., Garcia, A.M., Capellari, S., Xie, Z., Lugaresi, E., Gambetti, P., Dlouhy, S.R., Ghetti, B. Neurology (2002) [Pubmed]
  13. Co-existence of hereditary spherocytosis and a new red cell pyruvate kinase variant: PK mallorca. Zarza, R., Moscardó, M., Alvarez, R., García, J., Morey, M., Pujades, A., Vives-Corrons, J.L. Haematologica (2000) [Pubmed]
  14. Differential oncogene amplification in tumor cells from a patient treated with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Kashani-Sabet, M., Lu, Y., Leong, L., Haedicke, K., Scanlon, K.J. Eur. J. Cancer (1990) [Pubmed]
  15. Influence of guanidine on proteinase K resistance in vitro and infectivity of scrapie prion protein PrP(Sc). Gao, J.M., Zhou, X.B., Xiao, X.L., Zhang, J., Chen, L., Gao, C., Zhang, B.Y., Dong, X.P. Acta Virol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  16. A single base insertion of the 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase gene led to the deficiency of Gb3 biosynthesis. Tanaka, M., Yamashita, N., Takahashi, J., Hirayama, F., Tani, Y., Shibata, H. Immunohematology / American Red Cross. (2006) [Pubmed]
  17. Two previously proposed P1/P2-differentiating and nine novel polymorphisms at the A4GALT (Pk) locus do not correlate with the presence of the P1 blood group antigen. Hellberg, A., Chester, M.A., Olsson, M.L. BMC Genet. (2005) [Pubmed]
  18. Cloning and expression of the histo-blood group Pk UDP-galactose: Ga1beta-4G1cbeta1-cer alpha1, 4-galactosyltransferase. Molecular genetic basis of the p phenotype. Steffensen, R., Carlier, K., Wiels, J., Levery, S.B., Stroud, M., Cedergren, B., Nilsson Sojka, B., Bennett, E.P., Jersild, C., Clausen, H. J. Biol. Chem. (2000) [Pubmed]
  19. Molecular basis for the p phenotype. Identification of distinct and multiple mutations in the alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase gene in Swedish and Japanese individuals. Furukawa, K., Iwamura, K., Uchikawa, M., Sojka, B.N., Wiels, J., Okajima, T., Urano, T., Furukawa, K. J. Biol. Chem. (2000) [Pubmed]
  20. Human calcium-sensing receptor gene. Vitamin D response elements in promoters P1 and P2 confer transcriptional responsiveness to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Canaff, L., Hendy, G.N. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) [Pubmed]
  21. The blood group P1 synthase gene is identical to the Gb3/CD77 synthase gene. A clue to the solution of the P1/P2/p puzzle. Iwamura, K., Furukawa, K., Uchikawa, M., Sojka, B.N., Kojima, Y., Wiels, J., Shiku, H., Urano, T., Furukawa, K. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) [Pubmed]
  22. Expression of the Gb3/CD77 synthase gene in megakaryoblastic leukemia cells: implication in the sensitivity to verotoxins. Furukawa, K., Yokoyama, K., Sato, T., Wiels, J., Hirayama, Y., Ohta, M., Furukawa, K. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) [Pubmed]
  23. Myotonic dystrophy kinase is a component of neuromuscular junctions. van der Ven, P.F., Jansen, G., van Kuppevelt, T.H., Perryman, M.B., Lupa, M., Dunne, P.W., ter Laak, H.J., Jap, P.H., Veerkamp, J.H., Epstein, H.F. Hum. Mol. Genet. (1993) [Pubmed]
  24. Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic granules from human lymphokine (interleukin 2) activated killer cells. Lowrey, D.M., Hameed, A., Lichtenheld, M., Podack, E.R. Cancer Res. (1988) [Pubmed]
  25. Characterization of a deaminated neuraminic acid-containing glycoprotein from the skin mucus of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Kimura, M., Hama, Y., Sumi, T., Asakawa, M., Rao, B.N., Horne, A.P., Li, S.C., Li, Y.T., Nakagawa, H. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  26. The reactions of antibodies to paragloboside (lacto-N-neotetraosyl ceramide) with human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Schwarting, G.A., Marcus, D.M. J. Immunol. (1977) [Pubmed]
  27. Curcumin decreases binding of Shiga-like toxin-1B on human intestinal epithelial cell line HT29 stimulated with TNF-alpha and IL-1beta: suppression of p38, JNK and NF-kappaB p65 as potential targets. Moon, D.O., Jin, C.Y., Lee, J.D., Choi, Y.H., Ahn, S.C., Lee, C.M., Jeong, S.C., Park, Y.M., Kim, G.Y. Biol. Pharm. Bull. (2006) [Pubmed]
  28. Molecular basis for high renal cell sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of shigatoxin-1: upregulation of globotriaosylceramide expression. Hughes, A.K., Ergonul, Z., Stricklett, P.K., Kohan, D.E., Ergonal, Z. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  29. Molecular cloning of globotriaosylceramide/CD77 synthase, a glycosyltransferase that initiates the synthesis of globo series glycosphingolipids. Kojima, Y., Fukumoto, S., Furukawa, K., Okajima, T., Wiels, J., Yokoyama, K., Suzuki, Y., Urano, T., Ohta, M., Furukawa, K. J. Biol. Chem. (2000) [Pubmed]
  30. Life-threatening nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in a patient with a null mutation in the PKLR gene and no compensatory PKM gene expression. Diez, A., Gilsanz, F., Martinez, J., Pérez-Benavente, S., Meza, N.W., Bautista, J.M. Blood (2005) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities