Disease relevance of RP

• RESULTS: In 26 esophageal cancer tissues, an average of relative ratio of the expression of the PP-RP mRNA in cancer cells versus adjacent normal esophageal tissues was 396 [1].
• Northern blot analysis revealed a single TIN-ag-RP transcript of 2.4 kb in various tissues with the highest transcript levels detected in aorta, heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, kidney, and a colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line [2].
• Several examples of the introduction of a gene from one gene complex into another (introgression) are found when chloroplast RP gene clusters are compared to those in Escherichia coli or cyanobacteria [3].
• Expression of carbonic anhydrase-related protein CA-RP VIII in non-small cell lung cancer [4].

High impact information on RP

• The positions of the introns are also conserved among these species as follows: 44% of human introns are present at the same position in either D. melanogaster or C. elegans, suggesting RP genes are highly suitable for studying the evolution of introns [5].
• Comparison of RP genes from humans, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed the coding sequences to be highly conserved (63% homology on average), although gene size and the number of exons vary [5].
• Determination of the DNA sequences for RP2 from two different HLA haplotypes revealed identical hybrid sequences which resulted from fusion of RP with the tenascin-like Gene X and truncation of the 5' regions of both genes [6].
• Duplication of the RCCX modules probably occurred before the speciation of great apes and humans as they contain the same breakpoint region of RP and Gene X gene duplication [6].
• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We did cDNA microarray analysis to find a novel candidate antigen, proliferation potential-related protein (PP-RP) [1].

Biological context of RP

• Interestingly, uterine smooth muscle cells completely lacked TIN-ag-RP expression, implying a regulated gene expression [2].
• We conclude that the RP family allows valuable comparative genomics and phylogeny of Lepidoptera [7].
• By sequencing the rpl32 gene, we have characterized the apparent complete set of the RP genes in Zea mays plastid genome [8].
• In mammalian cells, this effect is achieved in part through a co-ordinated inhibition of RP (ribosomal protein) synthesis [9].
• The cDNA produced by RP or virus specific primers (SP) was used to detect PLRV and PVY from infected tubers in a duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (d-RT-PCR) [10].

Anatomical context of RP

• These CTLs, generated from HLA-A24-positive esophageal cancer patients, had cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines positive for both PP-RP and HLA-A24 [1].
• 2. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, in 20 of the 22 esophageal cancer tissues, PP-RP protein was strongly expressed only in the cancer cells and not so in normal esophageal epithelial cells [1].
• Furthermore, human TIN-ag-RP tagged with the T7-epitope, was expressed in HeLa cells, and was found to be localized in vesicular compartments as well as secreted into the medium suggesting the involvement of the endosomal trafficking pathway [11].
• The RP gene knockdown system developed in this study could be a powerful tool for studying the roles of ribosomes in human diseases [12].
• The results revealed that (1) most RP genes are coordinately expressed at the mRNA level, with higher signals in the spleen, lymph node dissection (LND), and fetal brain [13].

Associations of RP with chemical compounds

• Structure and genetics of the partially duplicated gene RP located immediately upstream of the complement C4A and the C4B genes in the HLA class III region. Molecular cloning, exon-intron structure, composite retroposon, and breakpoint of gene duplication [6].

Other interactions of RP

• Cloning, characterization, and expression of the human TIN-ag-RP gene encoding a novel putative extracellular matrix protein [11].
• The RP S19 and C5a receptor genes co-localized on the same chromosome [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of RP

• Northern blot analysis suggested that RP is ubiquitously expressed [6].
• Therefore, PP-RP may prove to be an ideal tumor antigen useful for diagnosis and immunotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer. cDNA microarray analysis is a useful method to identify ideal tumor-associated antigens [1].
• Furthermore, adoptive transfer of the PP-RP-specific CTL line inhibited the growth of a human esophageal cancer cell line engrafted in nude mice [1].
• The development of animal models with defects in RP genes will be essential for studying these questions [12].

References