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TSNAX  -  translin-associated factor X

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: TRAX, Translin-associated factor X, Translin-associated protein X
 
 
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Disease relevance of TSNAX

  • CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive treatment of post-TRAX hypertension, limitation of TRAX duration, delay of postprocedure anticoagulation, and use of alternative sites for arterial puncture in female patients or patients undergoing catheter-based intervention may reduce the incidence of TRAX-related complications [1].
  • Using shRNA constructs with a cytomegalovirus promoter and an actin intron between the hairpins for stabilization, we reduce expression of an exogenously expressed gene, GFP and the endogenous protein, Translin-associated factor X (TRAX), in stably transfected Hela cell lines [2].
 

Psychiatry related information on TSNAX

  • Association between the TRAX/DISC locus and both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in the Scottish population [3].
 

High impact information on TSNAX

  • Association of DISC1/TRAX haplotypes with schizophrenia, reduced prefrontal gray matter, and impaired short- and long-term memory [4].
  • CONCLUSIONS: Specific alleles of the DISC1 and TRAX genes on 1q42 appear to contribute to genetic risk for schizophrenia through disruptive effects on the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobe, and other brain regions [4].
  • In this study we genotyped 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 1q42 covering the three candidate genes TRAX, DISC1 and DISC2, using a study sample of 458 Finnish families ascertained for schizophrenia [5].
  • Mice deficient for testis-brain RNA-binding protein exhibit a coordinate loss of TRAX, reduced fertility, altered gene expression in the brain, and behavioral changes [6].
  • We conclude that TRAX is post-transcriptionally stabilized by TB-RBP and both proteins are needed for normal cell proliferation [7].
 

Biological context of TSNAX

  • 1. The TRAX gene consists of six exons with a putative CpG island at the 5' end [8].
  • Interestingly, we also reported earlier suggestive linkage between endophenotypic quantitative traits of visual and verbal memory and microsatellite markers in close proximity to TRAX/DISC, on 1q41 [9].
  • A systematic study of linkage disequilibrium in a representative sample of the Scottish population was undertaken across the 510 kb of TRAX and DISC1 [3].
  • In the pedigree, the TRAX gene, located adjacent to DISC1 on the disrupted chromosome 1, may also contribute to the pathophysiology of the familial schizophrenia [10].
  • The TRAX protein has extensive amino acid homology with Translin, and contains bipartite nuclear targeting sequences, suggesting a possible role in the selective nuclear transport of Translin lacking any nuclear targeting motifs [11].
 

Anatomical context of TSNAX

  • The relative levels of translin-associated factor X (TRAX) and testis brain RNA-binding protein determine their nucleocytoplasmic distribution in male germ cells [12].
  • Using immunohistochemistry to investigate the subcellular locations of TB-RBP and TRAX during spermatogenesis, both proteins localize in nuclei in meiotic pachytene spermatocytes and in the cytoplasm of subsequent meiotic and post-meiotic cells [12].
  • Interestingly, however, interaction of these two proteins in mammalian cells only occur following gamma-irradiation, raising the possibility of involvement of TRAX in DNA double-strand break repair and providing evidence for biological functions of the nuclear matrix protein C1D and TRAX [13].
  • Protein-protein interactions between the testis brain RNA-binding protein and the transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase, a cytoskeletal gamma actin and Trax in male germ cells and the brain [14].
  • The data suggest that TRAX may have a function associated with perinuclear organelles during spermatogenesis [15].
 

Physical interactions of TSNAX

  • High affinity binding of the Translin/Trax complex to RNA does not require the presence of Y or H elements [16].
 

Other interactions of TSNAX

  • Demonstration that the various TRAX/DISC1 transcripts are translated awaits further experimentation [8].
  • The genomic structure of the human TRAX gene was similar to that of the human Translin gene, consisting of six exons and five introns, encompassing approximately 27kb in genomic DNA [11].
  • We show that C1D and TRAX interact specifically in both yeast and mammalian cells [13].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TSNAX

References

  1. Surgical complications of transaxillary arteriography: a case-control study. Chitwood, R.W., Shepard, A.D., Shetty, P.C., Burke, M.W., Reddy, D.J., Nypaver, T.J., Ernest, C.B. J. Vasc. Surg. (1996) [Pubmed]
  2. Translin associated protein X is essential for cellular proliferation. Yang, S., Hecht, N.B. FEBS Lett. (2004) [Pubmed]
  3. Association between the TRAX/DISC locus and both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in the Scottish population. Thomson, P.A., Wray, N.R., Millar, J.K., Evans, K.L., Hellard, S.L., Condie, A., Muir, W.J., Blackwood, D.H., Porteous, D.J. Mol. Psychiatry (2005) [Pubmed]
  4. Association of DISC1/TRAX haplotypes with schizophrenia, reduced prefrontal gray matter, and impaired short- and long-term memory. Cannon, T.D., Hennah, W., van Erp, T.G., Thompson, P.M., Lonnqvist, J., Huttunen, M., Gasperoni, T., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Pirkola, T., Toga, A.W., Kaprio, J., Mazziotta, J., Peltonen, L. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Haplotype transmission analysis provides evidence of association for DISC1 to schizophrenia and suggests sex-dependent effects. Hennah, W., Varilo, T., Kestilä, M., Paunio, T., Arajärvi, R., Haukka, J., Parker, A., Martin, R., Levitzky, S., Partonen, T., Meyer, J., Lönnqvist, J., Peltonen, L., Ekelund, J. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2003) [Pubmed]
  6. Mice deficient for testis-brain RNA-binding protein exhibit a coordinate loss of TRAX, reduced fertility, altered gene expression in the brain, and behavioral changes. Chennathukuzhi, V., Stein, J.M., Abel, T., Donlon, S., Yang, S., Miller, J.P., Allman, D.M., Simmons, R.A., Hecht, N.B. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  7. Translin-associated factor X is post-transcriptionally regulated by its partner protein TB-RBP, and both are essential for normal cell proliferation. Yang, S., Cho, Y.S., Chennathukuzhi, V.M., Underkoffler, L.A., Loomes, K., Hecht, N.B. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  8. Chromosomal location and genomic structure of the human translin-associated factor X gene (TRAX; TSNAX) revealed by intergenic splicing to DISC1, a gene disrupted by a translocation segregating with schizophrenia. Millar, J.K., Christie, S., Semple, C.A., Porteous, D.J. Genomics (2000) [Pubmed]
  9. A haplotype within the DISC1 gene is associated with visual memory functions in families with a high density of schizophrenia. Hennah, W., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Paunio, T., Ekelund, J., Varilo, T., Partonen, T., Cannon, T.D., Lönnqvist, J., Peltonen, L. Mol. Psychiatry (2005) [Pubmed]
  10. Association study of the DISC1/TRAX locus with schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Zhang, X., Tochigi, M., Ohashi, J., Maeda, K., Kato, T., Okazaki, Y., Kato, N., Tokunaga, K., Sawa, A., Sasaki, T. Schizophr. Res. (2005) [Pubmed]
  11. Genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding TRAX, a Translin-associated factor X. Meng, G., Aoki, K., Tokura, K., Nakahara, K., Inazawa, J., Kasai, M. J. Hum. Genet. (2000) [Pubmed]
  12. The relative levels of translin-associated factor X (TRAX) and testis brain RNA-binding protein determine their nucleocytoplasmic distribution in male germ cells. Cho, Y.S., Chennathukuzhi, V.M., Handel, M.A., Eppig, J., Hecht, N.B. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  13. DNA damage-dependent interaction of the nuclear matrix protein C1D with Translin-associated factor X (TRAX). Erdemir, T., Bilican, B., Oncel, D., Goding, C.R., Yavuzer, U. J. Cell. Sci. (2002) [Pubmed]
  14. Protein-protein interactions between the testis brain RNA-binding protein and the transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase, a cytoskeletal gamma actin and Trax in male germ cells and the brain. Wu, X.Q., Lefrancois, S., Morales, C.R., Hecht, N.B. Biochemistry (1999) [Pubmed]
  15. Identification and characterization of cDNAs encoding four novel proteins that interact with translin associated factor-X. Bray, J.D., Chennathukuzhi, V.M., Hecht, N.B. Genomics (2002) [Pubmed]
  16. High affinity binding of the Translin/Trax complex to RNA does not require the presence of Y or H elements. Li, Z., Baraban, J.M. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. (2004) [Pubmed]
  17. Emerging importance of Pneumocystis carinii among indian immunosuppressed patients. Mathews, M.S., Mathai, E. The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences. (2000) [Pubmed]
  18. CD4 enumeration in HIV infected individuals. Lopez, A., Ciudad, J., Cordero, M., Orfao, A. European journal of histochemistry : EJH. (1994) [Pubmed]
 
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