Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)

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Gene: XPR1 - xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: FLJ90308, SYG1, X3, XR

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Amlal, H., Reymond, M.T., Hill, J.W., Tian, J., Mannon, P.J., et al.

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Disease relevance of XPR1

Estrogen plays an important role in the up-regulation of Y1R, which in turn regulates estrogen-induced cell proliferation in breast cancer cells [1].
Normal breast tissue mainly expresses the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor whereas primary human breast carcinomas express the Y1 receptor (Y1R) subtype [1].
Truncated, branched, and/or cyclic neuropeptide Y (NPY) analogues were tested for their ability to bind to the neuroblastoma cells, SK-N-MC (Y1 receptor) and SK-N-BE(2) (Y2 receptor) [2].

High impact information on XPR1

Overexpression of XPR-1 through mRNA injection increases sensitivity to progesterone and accelerates progesterone-activated cell cycle reentry [3].
Identification of XPR-1, a progesterone receptor required for Xenopus oocyte activation [3].
Similarly, estrogen increased Y1R mRNA expression in T-47D (ER+) but not in MDA-MB231 or MDA-MB468 (ER-) cell lines [1].
The up-regulation of Y1R expression by estrogen is prevented by hydroxyurea but not by nocodazole or IB-MECA (cell cycle inhibitors) [1].
Lastly, NPY inhibited estrogen-induced cell proliferation through Y1R [1].

Biological context of XPR1

Moreover, estrogen treatment of MCF-7 cells did not increase Y1R mRNA stability [1].
This effect is independent of increased Y1R mRNA stability or new protein synthesis, and likely occurs during S phase completion of the cell cycle [1].
To investigate this possibility, we used estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) human breast carcinoma cell line, MCF-7, and examined the effect of estrogen on Y1R gene expression and its signaling pathways [1].
However, it is unclear whether the mammalian orthologs of SYG-1 are also involved in local cell interactions to determine specificity during synapse formation [4].

Anatomical context of XPR1

Finally, we show that PYY stimulates growth in Y1R-expressing gut epithelial cells that is dependent on EGFR TK activity [5].
Treatment of female rats with estrogen in vivo decreased the levels of Y1R mRNA in the whole pituitary gland [6].
Further, they support a role for PYY and the Y1R in regulating growth in human colonic epithelium [5].

Associations of XPR1 with chemical compounds

Estrogen up-regulates Y1R expression through ERalpha [1].
In conclusion, MCF-7 cells express a functional Y1R coupled to both Ca(2+) and cAMP pathways [1].
Cycloheximide decreased basal Y1R mRNA expression; however, it did not affect its increase by estrogen [1].
Because NPY also modulates LH release directly, we examined steroid regulation of Y1R expression in the female rat anterior pituitary [6].
For phenobarbital tablets, a 3 X 3 X 3 factorial experiment was run [7].

Other interactions of XPR1

Truncated, branched, and/or cyclic analogues of neuropeptide Y: importance of the pancreatic peptide fold in the design of specific Y2 receptor ligands [2].

References

Estrogen up-regulates neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor expression in a human breast cancer cell line. Amlal, H., Faroqui, S., Balasubramaniam, A., Sheriff, S. Cancer Res. (2006)
Truncated, branched, and/or cyclic analogues of neuropeptide Y: importance of the pancreatic peptide fold in the design of specific Y2 receptor ligands. Reymond, M.T., Delmas, L., Koerber, S.C., Brown, M.R., Rivier, J.E. J. Med. Chem. (1992)
Identification of XPR-1, a progesterone receptor required for Xenopus oocyte activation. Tian, J., Kim, S., Heilig, E., Ruderman, J.V. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2000)
Neuronal expression and interaction with the synaptic protein CASK suggest a role for Neph1 and Neph2 in synaptogenesis. Gerke, P., Benzing, T., Höhne, M., Kispert, A., Frotscher, M., Walz, G., Kretz, O. J. Comp. Neurol. (2006)
Peptide YY Y1 receptor activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and proliferation in gut epithelial cells via the epidermal growth factor receptor. Mannon, P.J., Mele, J.M. Biochem. J. (2000)
Estrogen Induces Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor gene expression and responsiveness to NPY in gonadotrope-enriched pituitary cell cultures. Hill, J.W., Urban, J.H., Xu, M., Levine, J.E. Endocrinology (2004)
The construction and uses of factorial designs in the preparation of solid dosage forms. El-Banna, H.M., Boraie, N., El-Shibini, H.A. Die Pharmazie. (1981)