Gene Review:
parC - DNA topoisomerase IV, subunit A
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
Synonyms:
ECK3010, JW2987
- New topoisomerase essential for chromosome segregation in E. coli. Kato, J., Nishimura, Y., Imamura, R., Niki, H., Hiraga, S., Suzuki, H. Cell (1990)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquires mutations in analogous regions of gyrA and parC in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Belland, R.J., Morrison, S.G., Ison, C., Huang, W.M. Mol. Microbiol. (1994)
- Cloning and characterization of the parC and parE genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae encoding DNA topoisomerase IV: role in fluoroquinolone resistance. Pan, X.S., Fisher, L.M. J. Bacteriol. (1996)
- Molecular evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility: Tropheryma whipplei paradigm. Masselot, F., Boulos, A., Maurin, M., Rolain, J.M., Raoult, D. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2003)
- Sequence analysis of the gyrA and parC homologues of a wild-type strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants. Okuda, J., Hayakawa, E., Nishibuchi, M., Nishino, T. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999)
- Molecular analysis of the pRA2 partitioning region: ParB autoregulates parAB transcription and forms a nucleoprotein complex with the plasmid partition site, parS. Kwong, S.M., Yeo, C.C., Poh, C.L. Mol. Microbiol. (2001)
- DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV on the bacterial chromosome: quinolone-induced DNA cleavage. Chen, C.R., Malik, M., Snyder, M., Drlica, K. J. Mol. Biol. (1996)
- Partitioning of plasmid R1. The parA operon is autoregulated by ParR and its transcription is highly stimulated by a downstream activating element. Jensen, R.B., Dam, M., Gerdes, K. J. Mol. Biol. (1994)
- Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance: an update 1994-1998. Piddock, L.J. Drugs (1999)
- Targeting of DNA gyrase in Streptococcus pneumoniae by sparfloxacin: selective targeting of gyrase or topoisomerase IV by quinolones. Pan, X.S., Fisher, L.M. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997)
- Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. Zhao, S., Maurer, J.J., Hubert, S., De Villena, J.F., McDermott, P.F., Meng, J., Ayers, S., English, L., White, D.G. Vet. Microbiol. (2005)
- Effects of perturbing nucleoid structure on nucleoid occlusion-mediated toporegulation of FtsZ ring assembly. Sun, Q., Margolin, W. J. Bacteriol. (2004)
- A cluster of genes that affects nucleoid segregation in Salmonella typhimurium. Luttinger, A.L., Springer, A.L., Schmid, M.B. New Biol. (1991)
- DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are dual targets of clinafloxacin action in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pan, X.S., Fisher, L.M. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998)
- Antibacterial evaluation of a collection of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin derivatives against multiresistant bacteria. Vila, J., Sánchez-Céspedes, J., Sierra, J.M., Piqueras, M., Nicolás, E., Freixas, J., Giralt, E. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents (2006)
- Susceptibility patterns of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with traveller's diarrhoea: emergence of quinolone resistance. Vila, J., Vargas, M., Ruiz, J., Espasa, M., Pujol, M., Corachán, M., Jiménez de Anta, M.T., Gascón, J. J. Med. Microbiol. (2001)
- Fluoroquinolone resistance and gyrA and parC mutations of Escherichia coli isolated from chicken. Lee, Y.J., Cho, J.K., Kim, K.S., Tak, R.B., Kim, A.R., Kim, J.W., Im, S.K., Kim, B.H. J. Microbiol. (2005)
- Contributions of individual mechanisms to fluoroquinolone resistance in 36 Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals. Everett, M.J., Jin, Y.F., Ricci, V., Piddock, L.J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1996)
- Genetic characterization of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical Escherichia coli strains from China: role of acrR mutations. Wang, H., Dzink-Fox, J.L., Chen, M., Levy, S.B. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2001)
- Molecular epidemiology and mutations at gyrA and parC genes of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a Taiwan medical center. Chen, J.Y., Siu, L.K., Chen, Y.H., Lu, P.L., Ho, M., Peng, C.F. Microb. Drug Resist. (2001)