Disease relevance of Dysmenorrhea

• Following the demonstration that increased prostaglandin F2 alpha production causes pain similar to dysmenorrhea, and the finding that prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors are capable of relieving menstrual pain, the early theory of uterine ischemia has once again gained support as the most likely explanation for this condition [1].
• RESULTS: Reduced diaminoxidase serum levels leading to occurrence of HIT symptoms like chronic headache, dysmenorrhea, flushing, gastrointestinal symptoms, and intolerance of histamine-rich food and alcohol were significantly more common in patients with AE than in controls [2].
• Selective effect of diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis versus dysmenorrhea [3].
• Mifepristone treatment reduced the prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and pelvic pressure [4].
• At 12 weeks, mean decreases in physician-rated scores for dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and pelvic tenderness were 1.7, 1.0, and 0.8 points greater, respectively, in the leuprolide group than in the placebo group (on a four-point scale) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Dysmenorrhea

• Also, adolescents who reported more severe dysmenorrhea symptoms following three months of naproxen therapy had significantly lower self-concepts than adolescents who reported less symptoms following treatment [6].

High impact information on Dysmenorrhea

• These results indicate that zomepirac gave excellent relief of the symptoms of dysmenorrhea in this study population [7].
• Mefenamic acid for dysmenorrhea [8].
• Many clinical trials (controlled and uncontrolled) have demonstrated the efficacy of NSAIDs such as the fenamates, indole-acetic acid derivatives, and arylpropionic acid derivatives in relieving primary dysmenorrhea as well as IUD-induced dysmenorrhea that is also due to elevated prostaglandin levels [9].
• A double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing three single-dose regimens of piroxicam with ibuprofen in patients with primary dysmenorrhea [10].
• Flurbiprofen for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dysmenorrhea

• Oral contraceptives decreased menstrual flow, reduced prostaglandin release and also alleviated dysmenorrhea [11].
• Prostaglandins in primary dysmenorrhea. Comparison of prophylactic and nonprophylactic treatment with ibuprofen and use of oral contraceptives [11].
• In an effort to evaluate the discordant role of objective uterine activity known to be associated with primary dysmenorrhea and the subjective sensation of discomfort, data from 18 patients undergoing meclofenamate therapy for primary dysmenorrhea were evaluated [12].
• Valdecoxib is effective in single doses of up to 40 mg for the alleviation of acute menstrual pain and has a rapid onset of action (within 30 min) and a long duration of analgesia (up to 24 h) [13].
• There was little evidence for associations between DDE or PCBs and bleeding duration, heavy bleeding, or dysmenorrhea [14].

Biological context of Dysmenorrhea

• Under double-blind, crossover conditions, 43 women with primary dysmenorrhea received ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and placebo during three consecutive menstrual cycles [15].
• The plasma concentration of vasopressin in these seven women showed significant variation, with the highest concentrations being obtained at the beginning of the two painful menstruations (3.76 +/- 0.76 and 1.75 +/- 0.30 (S.E.M.) pmol/l) and at ovulation in the control cycle (1.91 +/- 0.58 pmol/l) [16].
• It has been studied in adult and elderly patients in a number of painful conditions (primary dysmenorrhea, acute pain after dental and orthopedic surgery, osteoarthritis [OA], and rheumatoid arthritis) [17].
• In order to clarify the relationship of these hormones to menstrual pain, plasma concentrations of vasopressin and two prostaglandin metabolites (15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha and 11-ketotetranor PGF metabolites) were measured in serial blood samples taken premenstrually and during menstruation [18].
• Intravenous administration of arachidonic acid and PGF2 alpha to guinea pigs during the late stage of the estrous cycle, induced dose related uterine contractions and an elevation in uterine basal pressure similar to that seen in patients with dysmenorrhea [19].

Anatomical context of Dysmenorrhea

• Ibuprofen highly significantly reduced the resting pressure (P less than 0.001), active pressure (P less than 0.001) and frequency (P less than 0.05) of cyclic activity of the uterus, as well as menstrual pain (P less than 0.001) [20].
• Plants used by Southern African traditional healers for the treatment of menstrual pains were screened for prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors and the ability to reduce isolated uterine muscle contraction using the cyclooxygenase and in vitro uterine bioassays respectively [21].

Gene context of Dysmenorrhea

• No correlation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and age, induced abortion or dysmenorrhea was detected in this study (P > 0.05) [22].
• Cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitors in the treatment of dysmenorrhea [23].
• OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-specific inhibitor valdecoxib with naproxen sodium in treating menstrual pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea [24].
• In vivo studies have found the specific COX-2 inhibitors rofecoxib (Vioxx) and valdecoxib (Bextra) effective in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in women >or=18 years [23].
• As this was the only abnormality found, we postulated that her dysmenorrhea might be related to the dilated proximal tubal stumps [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dysmenorrhea

• Zomepirac sodium was compared with placebo for relief of primary dysmenorrhea syndrome in a double-blind, crossover study of 47 patients [7].
• Mefenamic acid for dysmenorrhea in patients with intrauterine devices [26].
• Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea on the theory that the disorder may be caused by a high level of prostaglandins [11].
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized crossover comparison with placebo TENS and ibuprofen [27].
• Except for menstrual pain among women who underwent unipolar electrocoagulation procedures, there was no increase in the prevalence of adverse menstrual function after tubal sterilization [28].

References