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MeSH Review

Ilex

 
 
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Disease relevance of Ilex

 

High impact information on Ilex

  • Significantly, vernix (80.5+/-1.0% H2O) had a much higher water content than other barrier creams (Eucerin: 17.1+/-0.6%, Aquaphor: 0.33+/-0.03%, Ilex: 0.19+/-0.02%, petrolatum: 0.03+/-0.01%; all p<0.05) [2].
  • Antioxidant effects of Ilex paraguariensis: induction of decreased oxidability of human LDL in vivo [3].
  • We have recently demonstrated that Ilex paraguariensis extracts inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro exhibiting a potency comparable to that of ascorbic acid (Gugliucci, A. and Stahl, A.J.C. 1995; Biochem Mol Biol Int 35, 47-56) [3].
  • Aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits [4].
  • Among those metabolites, arbutin, which has not been reported yet as a constituent of Ilex species, was found to be a biomarker for I. argentina,I. brasiliensis, I. brevicuspis, I. integerrima, I. microdonta, I. pseudobuxus, I. taubertiana, and I. theezans [5].
 

Biological context of Ilex

 

Anatomical context of Ilex

  • When we studied peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and 31EG4 mammary cells., we found a potent, dose-dependent protective effect that was Ilex paraguariensis > red wines > green tea [7].
 

Associations of Ilex with chemical compounds

  • Triterpenoid saponins from Ilex kudincha [8].
  • Caffeine and theobromine in epicuticular wax of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil [9].
  • Experimental data for the supercritical CO(2) extraction of purine alkaloids (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline) from ground herbal maté tea (Ilex paraguaryensis) using a high-pressure apparatus are presented [10].
  • Activity-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of the leaves of Ilex kudincha led to the isolation of seven acyl CoA cholesteryl acyl transferase (ACAT) inhibitory triterpenes [11].
  • Extraction of purine alkaloids from maté (Ilex paraguariensis) using supercritical CO(2) [10].
 

Gene context of Ilex

  • Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors from Ilex macropoda [12].
  • The objective of this study was to partially characterize and determine the total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and quinone reductase activity of A. compressa tea in comparison to mate (Ilex paraguariensis, MT) and green (Camellia sinensis,GT) teas [13].
  • Given the link between glycation and oxidation, in this work, we study the effects of methylglyoxal on two model systems; plasminogen and antithrombin III (AT III), then we set out to unravel a possible antiglycation effect for extracts of the flavonoid-rich common herbal species Achyrocline satureoides (AS) and Ilex paraguariensis (IP) [14].
  • Some dietary polyphenolic substances have been shown to inhibit oxidation of LDL. "Mate" is a polyphenol-containing beverage, brewed from the dried and minced leaves of Ilex paraguariensis [15].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ilex

References

  1. Monoclonal antibody therapies in leukemias. Tallman, M.S. Semin. Hematol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  2. Characterization of vernix caseosa: water content, morphology, and elemental analysis. Pickens, W.L., Warner, R.R., Boissy, Y.L., Boissy, R.E., Hoath, S.B. J. Invest. Dermatol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  3. Antioxidant effects of Ilex paraguariensis: induction of decreased oxidability of human LDL in vivo. Gugliucci, A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1996) [Pubmed]
  4. Aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Mosimann, A.L., Wilhelm-Filho, D., da Silva, E.L. Biofactors (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. Classification of Ilex species based on metabolomic fingerprinting using nuclear magnetic resonance and multivariate data analysis. Choi, Y.H., Sertic, S., Kim, H.K., Wilson, E.G., Michopoulos, F., Lefeber, A.W., Erkelens, C., Prat Kricun, S.D., Verpoorte, R. J. Agric. Food Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. The inhibitory action of chlorogenic acid on the intestinal iron absorption in rats. Gutnisky, A., Rizzo, N., Castro, M.E., Garbossa, G. Acta physiologica, pharmacologica et therapeutica latinoamericana : órgano de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Ciencias Fisiológicas y [de] la Asociación Latinoamericana de Farmacología. (1992) [Pubmed]
  7. Ilex paraguariensis extracts are potent inhibitors of nitrosative stress: a comparative study with green tea and wines using a protein nitration model and mammalian cell cytotoxicity. Bixby, M., Spieler, L., Menini, T., Gugliucci, A. Life Sci. (2005) [Pubmed]
  8. Triterpenoid saponins from Ilex kudincha. Nishimura, K., Miyase, T., Noguchi, H. J. Nat. Prod. (1999) [Pubmed]
  9. Caffeine and theobromine in epicuticular wax of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. Athayde, M.L., Coelho, G.C., Schenkel, E.P. Phytochemistry (2000) [Pubmed]
  10. Extraction of purine alkaloids from maté (Ilex paraguariensis) using supercritical CO(2). Saldaña, M.D., Mohamed, R.S., Baer, M.G., Mazzafera, P. J. Agric. Food Chem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  11. Activity-guided isolation of triterpenoid acyl CoA cholesteryl acyl transferase (ACAT) inhibitors from Ilex kudincha. Nishimura, K., Fukuda, T., Miyase, T., Noguchi, H., Chen, X.M. J. Nat. Prod. (1999) [Pubmed]
  12. Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors from Ilex macropoda. Im, K.R., Jeong, T.S., Kwon, B.M., Baek, N.I., Kim, S.H., Kim, D.K. Arch. Pharm. Res. (2006) [Pubmed]
  13. Polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and quinone reductase activity of an aqueous extract of Ardisia compressa in comparison to mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and green (Camellia sinensis) teas. Chandra, S., De Mejia Gonzalez, E. J. Agric. Food Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  14. The botanical extracts of Achyrocline satureoides and Ilex paraguariensis prevent methylglyoxal-induced inhibition of plasminogen and antithrombin III. Gugliucci, A., Menini, T. Life Sci. (2002) [Pubmed]
  15. Low density lipoprotein oxidation is inhibited by extracts of Ilex paraguariensis. Gugliucci, A., Stahl, A.J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. (1995) [Pubmed]
  16. Antioxidant phenylacetic acid derivatives from the seeds of Ilex aquifolium. Nahar, L., Russell, W.R., Middleton, M., Shoeb, M., Sarker, S.D. Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia) (2005) [Pubmed]
 
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