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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Ethnic Groups

 
 
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Disease relevance of Ethnic Groups

 

Psychiatry related information on Ethnic Groups

 

High impact information on Ethnic Groups

  • METHODS: We tested for mutations in GJB2 in DNA samples from three Ashkenazi Jewish families with nonsyndromic recessive deafness, from Ashkenazi Jewish persons seeking carrier testing for other conditions, and from members of other ethnic groups [11].
  • Human milk samples from different ethnic groups contain RNase that inhibits, and plasma membrane that stimulates, reverse transcription [12].
  • PATIENTS: The study was restricted to patients of Jewish origin because of the ease of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genotyping in this ethnic group [13].
  • CONCLUSIONS: The APOE epsilon4 allele represents a major risk factor for AD in all ethnic groups studied, across all ages between 40 and 90 years, and in both men and women [14].
  • Controlling for dissimilarities in academic background greatly reduced Part I differences among most racial and ethnic groups, except Asian/Pacific Islander men; unexplained differences remained between men and women [15].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Ethnic Groups

 

Biological context of Ethnic Groups

  • In about 30%-55% of individuals, depending on the ethnic group, there is a virtual absence of GSTM1 enzyme activity due to deletion of both copies of the GSTM1 gene (GSTM1 null genotype) [21].
  • Extensive studies in different ethnic groups have associated the susceptibility to development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the third hypervariable region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) HLA-DR beta 1 molecule [22].
  • From published studies of the HRAS1 VNTR locus, which classified alleles into types, we found only small differences in the allele frequency distributions of samples from various European nations, although there were larger differences among ethnic groups (African American, Caucasian, and Oriental) [23].
  • In general, the distribution of GDH phenotypes was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all three ethnic groups studied [24].
  • The TBG polymorphism is inherited in X-linked fashion, based on data from American blacks, and thus provides an X-chromosome marker with a relatively high gene frequency in this ethnic group (frequency of the slow allele, TBGs, is 11%) [25].
 

Anatomical context of Ethnic Groups

  • If a high prolactin/estradiol ratio increases the susceptibility of the mammary epithelium to neoplastic growth, the lack of changes in prolactin levels in premenopausal Japanese patients and in postmenopausal patients of the three ethnic groups indicates that other factors are involved [26].
  • However, compared with abdominally obese white individuals, abdominally obese black individuals have been characterized by higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels, suggesting that the impact of abdominal fat accumulation on the lipoprotein-lipid profile may differ among ethnic groups [27].
  • Plasma adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with percent body fat (r = -0.43), waist-to-thigh ratio (r = -0.46), fasting plasma insulin concentration (r = -0.63), and 2-h glucose concentration (r = -0.38), and positively correlated with M (r = 0.59) (all P < 0.001); all relations were evident in both ethnic groups [19].
  • We noted no differences in the amniotic fluid enzyme activities for the Arab and various Jewish ethnic groups living in Israel. We conclude that prenatal diagnosis of CF among the Israeli population at risk for CF is feasible by means of a reliable, fast, and economic test in the second trimester of pregnancy [28].
  • Vaccines designed to bring forth CD8+ T cell responses in different racial and ethnic groups will require inclusion of T cell epitopes presented by various MHC class I molecules [29].
 

Associations of Ethnic Groups with chemical compounds

 

Gene context of Ethnic Groups

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ethnic Groups

References

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  17. Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase are associated with HLA-DR genotypes in both Australians and Asians with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Serjeantson, S.W., Kohonen-Corish, M.R., Rowley, M.J., Mackay, I.R., Knowles, W., Zimmet, P. Diabetologia (1992) [Pubmed]
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