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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Phenotype

 
 
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Disease relevance of Phenotype

 

Psychiatry related information on Phenotype

 

High impact information on Phenotype

 

Chemical compound and disease context of Phenotype

  • CONCLUSIONS: The congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia phenotype is the result of two separate events, an initial genetic loss of steroidogenesis that is dependent on steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and a subsequent loss of steroidogenesis that is independent of the protein due to cellular damage from accumulated cholesterol esters [16].
  • Effect of acetylator phenotype on the rate at which procainamide induces antinuclear antibodies and the lupus syndrome [17].
  • In contrast with the rather mild phenotypes observed in mice deficient in a single selectin gene, the doubly deficient mice present extreme leukocytosis, elevated cytokine levels, and alterations in hematopoiesis [18].
  • Here we show that suppression of caveolin expression by a stably transfected antisense caveolin-1 cDNA vector converted androgen-insensitive metastatic mouse prostate cancer cells to an androgen-sensitive phenotype [19].
  • Mismatch correction helps maintain genomic fidelity by removing misincorporated bases and deaminated 5-methylcytosine from DNA, and its loss by mutation confers a mutator phenotype on Escherichia coli [20].
 

Biological context of Phenotype

  • We report here a simple enzyme analysis that provides a clear resolution of PON1 genotypes and phenotypes allowing for a reasonable assessment of an individual's probable susceptibility or resistance to a given OP, extending earlier studies on this system [21].
  • Our results indicate that there is an unexpected connection between impaired palmitate modification of neuronal proteins and the psychiatric phenotypes associated with microdeletions of chromosome 22q11 [22].
  • T-lymphocyte phenotypes were analyzed, and the susceptibility of activated T cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis in vitro was determined [23].
  • The patients with the PMP22 point mutation had clinical and electrophysiologic phenotypes that were similar to those of patients with the 1.5-Mb duplication [24].
  • The spectrum of nonsense, splice-site, frameshift and missense mutations we have identified in this study indicates that the cleft phenotype results from a complete loss of TBX22 function [25].
 

Anatomical context of Phenotype

  • Although other factors may play a role in the determination of lymphokine-producing phenotype, such as antigen dose, type of antigen-presenting cell, and expression of accessory molecules and hormones, these effects appear to be secondary to the dominant role of the lymphokines and cytokines [15].
  • We have examined the role of proteolytic activity in the genesis and maintenance of the transformed phenotype by growing cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts transfromed by Rous sarcoma virus either in medium containing plasminogen-free serum or in medium to which protease inhibitors were added [26].
  • The phenotype associated with inappropriate developmental regulation of the Thy-1 gene suggests that the Thy-1 antigen may play a role in inducing activation or differentiation events on early lymphocyte progenitor cells [27].
  • As a novel approach to studying the modulation of the polarized epithelial phenotype, we have expressed c-Fos and c-Myc estrogen receptor fusion proteins (c-FosER and c-MycER) in mammary epithelial cells [28].
  • The number of muscle and fat cells which appeared in treated cultures was dependent upon the concentration of 5-azacytidine used, but the chondrocyte phenotype was not expressed frequently enough for quantitation [29].
 

Associations of Phenotype with chemical compounds

  • For genetic analysis, we view the expression level of a gene as a quantitative or 'complex' trait, analogous to an individual's height or cholesterol level, and, therefore, as an inherited phenotype [30].
  • All abnormal phenotypes of ldlD cells can be fully corrected by exogenous galactose and GalNAc [31].
  • These effects are unique to p59fyn; overexpression of a closely related T cell-specific tyrosine kinase, p56lck, elicits dramatically different phenotypes [32].
  • The term "partial androgen insensitivity syndrome" describes this condition more accurately than a term based on clinical phenotype [33].
  • Analysis of the final phenotype indicates that it is not dependent upon the continued presence of either compound, and that cAMP agents are active only on cells that have been treated with retinoic acid [34].
 

Gene context of Phenotype

  • It has been suggested that dichotomy in Tgfb1-/- lethal phenotypes is due to maternal TGF beta 1 rescue of some, but not all, Tgfb1-/- embryos12 [35].
  • The phenotype of these brip1 mutant cells in response to DNA damage differs from that of brca1 mutant cells and more closely resembles that of fancc mutant cells, with a profound sensitivity to the DNA-crosslinking agent cisplatin and acute cell-cycle arrest in late S-G2 phase [36].
  • The resulting nonautonomous adult wing and leg pattern duplications are largely due to induced dpp and wg expression and resemble phenotypes elicited by ectopic hh expression [37].
  • However, it may be that in rare instances, RET and GDNF mutations act in concert to produce an enteric phenotype [38].
  • We now describe ten novel mutations of FBN1 resulting in strikingly different phenotypes [39].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Phenotype

  • Our data demonstrate that mutations in these orthologous genes underlie NCL phenotypes in human and mouse, and represent the first description of the molecular basis of a naturally occurring animal model for NCL [40].
  • Mouse aprt- cells were transformed to the aprt+ phenotype with the product of ligation of Hind III-cleaved hamster genomic DNA and pBR322 DNA [41].
  • Integration of mini-R1 into oriC was verified by Southern blotting and by analysis of the R1 incompatibility phenotype [42].
  • Absence of this activity cosegregates with the other phenotypes of a kex2 lesion in genetic crosses [43].
  • To assess the frequency and phenotype of this condition, we screened 11 additional families with high HDL levels by means of a radioimmunoassay for CETP and DNA analysis [44].

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