Disease relevance of Generalization, Stimulus

• The naltrexone stimulus-generalization curve and dose-response curve for loss of body weight were shifted to the left by IBMX and Ro 20-1724, which produce quasi-withdrawal, but not by papaverine, which does not [1].

Psychiatry related information on Generalization, Stimulus

• The corticosterone response to fearful situations exhibited a stimulus generalization decrement, thus demonstrating a contribution of Pavlovian classical conditioning to the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system [2].
• Using rats trained to discriminate 4 mg/kg of (-)ephedrine (i.p.) from saline vehicle using standard operant conditioning with a VI 15-s schedule of reinforcement, all eight agents were examined in tests of stimulus generalization [3].

High impact information on Generalization, Stimulus

• DOM stimulus generalization was not observed for S(+)-MDA, the N-monomethyl and alpha-demethyl derivatives of MDA, nor for a metabolite of MDA (i.e., 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylisopropylamine) [4].
• The racemate and the enantiomers of 1-(3-methoxy-4-methyphenyl)-2- aminopropane (6) and racemic 5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan (11) were tested for stimulus generalization in the two-lever drug-discrimination paradigm [5].
• Consistent with these results, stimulus generalization occurs with 5 both in rats trained to discriminate 8-OH-DPAT from saline and in rats trained to discriminate the 5-HT2 agonist DOM from saline [6].
• Thus, the R-(-) isomer of DOB is more active than its S-(+) enantiomer and than any of the possible N-methyl derivatives of DOB, both with respect to affinity at central 5-HT2 binding sites and with respect to potency in the behavioral (i.e., stimulus generalization) studies [7].
• In tests of stimulus generalization, using rats trained to discriminate DOM from saline, the 2-demethyl and N-propyl derivatives were found to produce stimulus effects similar to those of DOB [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Generalization, Stimulus

• In tests of stimulus generalization using rats trained to discriminate TFMPP (ED50 = 0.17 mg/kg) from saline, 3a was found to be nearly equipotent (ED50 = 0.22 mg/kg) with the training drug [9].
• Stimulus generalization occurred with the racemate and the R-(-) enantiomer of the alpha-methyl homologue and the S-(+) enantiomer of the alpha-ethyl primary amine [10].
• In rats trained to discriminate saline from LSD tartrate (0.08 mg/kg), stimulus generalization occurred to both of the 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran analogues but at doses more than 10-fold higher than for DOM [11].
• Administration of cocaine hydrochloride (7.5 mg/kg) also produced a decrease in total responses, suggesting stimulus generalization from the shock-paired drug to a novel drug [12].
• Stimulus generalization tests to each other narcotic antagonist, d-amphetamine, morphine, and LSD, showed that each narcotic antagonist has highly specific stimulus properties [13].

Gene context of Generalization, Stimulus

• Stimulus generalization occurs among these agents regardless of which is used as the training drug, although stimulus generalization does not occur with 5-HT1A-selective agonists [e.g., 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH DPAT)] or with 5-HT1B-selective agonists [e.g., 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP)] [14].
• Because other hallucinogenic agents display high affinity for 5-HT2 serotonin receptors and result in stimulus generalization in DOM- and/or DOB-trained animals, it is tentatively concluded that alpha-desMe DOB is a psychoactive agent with at least some hallucinogenic or DOB-like properties [15].
• In tests of stimulus generalization, SKF 10047, d-cyclazocine, dextrorphan, normetazocine, dl-cyclazocine, l-cyclazocine, and dextromethorphan occasioned dose-related increases in PCP-appropriate responding [16].

References