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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Confusion

 
 
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Disease relevance of Confusion

 

Psychiatry related information on Confusion

 

High impact information on Confusion

  • Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) is a psychoactive drug that in small doses produces agitation, excitement, and disorientation, but in larger doses results in stupor, convulsions, coma, and death [11].
  • This occurred especially by an increase of second-order vasa vasorum and disorientation of normal vasa vasorum spatial pattern [12].
  • Overexpression of wild-type PDGFA, or inhibition of PDGFA both lead to randomized migration, disorientation of polarized mesodermal cells, decreased movement towards the animal pole, and reduced head formation and axis elongation [13].
  • Retinol has no effect and retinal has a small inhibitory effect but neither phenotypic transformation nor axial disorientation were observed [14].
  • Disorientation, memory impairment, and psychotic thought processes associated with the CNS lesions were not altered by the propranolol [15].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Confusion

  • Initial levels of ACTH but not cortisol were significantly increased in patients with acute confusional state and significantly correlated with volume of brain lesion and neurological and functional outcome [16].
  • The myelographic contrast agent, metrizamide, causes a temporary confusional state in many patients [17].
  • We present three patients who, after long-term therapy with amantadine (4 to 18 years), experienced an acute delirium with confusion, disorientation, agitation, and paranoia on withdrawal [18].
  • 5-HIAA levels were mainly related positively to hostility and negatively to somatic concern, and MHPG positively to disorientation and negatively to emotional withdrawal and uncooperativeness [19].
  • In an effort to identify patients at risk for behavioral complications, we reviewed 92 patients undergoing ISA evaluation and found five with severe changes in affect and behavior following amobarbital injection, ranging from prolonged coma to an extended confusional state [20].
 

Biological context of Confusion

 

Anatomical context of Confusion

 

Gene context of Confusion

  • Mice deficient in Cdk5, p35, or both p35 and p39 display the hallmarks of disturbed cortical development, including cortical layer inversion, neuronal disorientation, and abnormal fiber infiltration [29].
  • In a multiple regression model, disorientation was associated with a low thyrotropin response to TRH (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04; 20 and 60 min after TRH, respectively) [30].
  • Two siblings had the clinical features of PCD and ciliary disorientation alone on repeated biopsies taken 10 yr apart [3].
  • X-ray fiber diffraction patterns of the R-type straight flagellar filament of Salmonella typhimurium SJW1655 strain showed layer-lines with an axial spacing of 1/437 A-1, which could be resolved only due to very small disorientation angles (< 2 degrees) of the filaments in oriented sol specimens [31].
  • Since CNS infection with B burgdorferi is usually accompanied by intrathecal synthesis of specific antibody, we studied CSF in 73 patients referred for presumed CNS Lyme, manifested primarily as this confusional state [32].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Confusion

References

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  3. Ciliary disorientation alone as a cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome. Rayner, C.F., Rutman, A., Dewar, A., Greenstone, M.A., Cole, P.J., Wilson, R. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (1996) [Pubmed]
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  12. Enhanced coronary vasa vasorum neovascularization in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Kwon, H.M., Sangiorgi, G., Ritman, E.L., McKenna, C., Holmes, D.R., Schwartz, R.S., Lerman, A. J. Clin. Invest. (1998) [Pubmed]
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  14. Mechanism of skin morphogenesis. II. Retinoic acid modulates axis orientation and phenotypes of skin appendages. Chuong, C.M., Ting, S.A., Widelitz, R.B., Lee, Y.S. Development (1992) [Pubmed]
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  17. Metrizamide inhibits human brain hexokinase. Bertoni, J.M. Neurology (1982) [Pubmed]
  18. Acute delirium after withdrawal of amantadine in Parkinson's disease. Factor, S.A., Molho, E.S., Brown, D.L. Neurology (1998) [Pubmed]
  19. Biogenic amine metabolites in plasma of drug-naive schizophrenic patients: associations with symptomatology. Markianos, M., Botsis, A., Arvanitis, Y. Biol. Psychiatry (1992) [Pubmed]
  20. Severe behavioral complications following intracarotid sodium amobarbital injection: implications for hemispheric asymmetry of emotion. Lee, G.P., Loring, D.W., Meador, K.J., Flanigin, H.F., Brooks, B.S. Neurology (1988) [Pubmed]
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  22. Predictors of hospitalization in male Marine Corps recruits with exertional heat illness. Hakre, S., Gardner, J.W., Kark, J.A., Wenger, C.B. Military medicine. (2004) [Pubmed]
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  26. Second-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-ifosfamide in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide. Polyzos, A., Tsavaris, N., Kosmas, C., Petrikos, G., Giannikos, L., Kalahanis, N., Papadopoulos, O., Christodoulou, K., Giannakopoulos, K., Veslemes, M., Katsilambros, N. Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy) (1999) [Pubmed]
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  28. Chlorpyrifos elicits mitotic abnormalities and apoptosis in neuroepithelium of cultured rat embryos. Roy, T.S., Andrews, J.E., Seidler, F.J., Slotkin, T.A. Teratology (1998) [Pubmed]
  29. Control of cortical neuron migration and layering: cell and non cell-autonomous effects of p35. Hammond, V., Tsai, L.H., Tan, S.S. J. Neurosci. (2004) [Pubmed]
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  31. Radial mass analysis of the flagellar filament of Salmonella: implications for the subunit folding. Yamashita, I., Vonderviszt, F., Mimori, Y., Suzuki, H., Oosawa, K., Namba, K. J. Mol. Biol. (1995) [Pubmed]
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  33. Lumbar myelography with iohexol and metrizamide: a comparative multicenter prospective study. Kieffer, S.A., Binet, E.F., Davis, D.O., Gabrielsen, T.O., Kido, D.K., Latchaw, R.E., Turski, P.A., Shaw, D.D. Radiology. (1984) [Pubmed]
  34. Prolonged postoperative disorientation after methylene blue infusion during parathyroidectomy. Siebert, C., Kroeber, S., Lutter, N. Anesth. Analg. (2005) [Pubmed]
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