The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Virulence

 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Disease relevance of Virulence

 

Psychiatry related information on Virulence

 

High impact information on Virulence

 

Chemical compound and disease context of Virulence

 

Biological context of Virulence

 

Anatomical context of Virulence

  • Furthermore, disruption of INT1 in C. albicans suppressed hyphal growth, adhesion to epithelial cells, and virulence in mice [21].
  • Upon contact with the eukaryotic cell, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis increased the rate of transcription of virulence genes (yop), as determined by in situ monitoring of light emission from individual bacteria expressing luciferase under the control of the yopE promoter [22].
  • One virulence factor, YopJ, is essential for the death of infected macrophages and can block host proinflammatory responses by inhibiting both the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, which might be important for evasion of the host immune response and aid in establishing a systemic infection [23].
  • To understand the role of VAD1 in virulence, a functional genomics approach was used to identify 3 additional virulence determinants dependent on VAD1: PCK1, TUF1, and MPF3, involved in gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial protein synthesis, and cell wall integrity, respectively [24].
  • Interestingly, the Deltaapp1 mutant strain showed a decreased virulence in mice deficient for complement C5 (A/Jcr), but it was hypervirulent in mice deficient for T and NK cells (Tgepsilon26) [25].
 

Associations of Virulence with chemical compounds

 

Gene context of Virulence

  • Our findings uncover a pathogenetic mechanism in which a host response to tissue injury-syndecan-1 shedding-is exploited to enhance microbial virulence apparently by modulating host defences [30].
  • One of these is lom, the product of which is found in the bacterial outer membrane, and is homologous to virulence proteins of two other enterobacterial genera [16].
  • Additionally, the gpa1 mutant strain failed to induce two well-established virulence factors-melanin synthesis, in response to glucose starvation; and capsule production, in response to iron limitation [20].
  • Deletion of the gammaHV68 RCA protein decreased virulence during acute CNS infection, and this attenuation was specifically reversed by deletion of host C3 [31].
  • Arabidopsis RIN4 is a key bacterial virulence target that is guarded by the resistance (R) protein RPM1 [32].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Virulence

References

  1. Structural evidence for dimerization-regulated activation of an integral membrane phospholipase. Snijder, H.J., Ubarretxena-Belandia, I., Blaauw, M., Kalk, K.H., Verheij, H.M., Egmond, M.R., Dekker, N., Dijkstra, B.W. Nature (1999) [Pubmed]
  2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyases 1 and 2 are jointly required for in vivo growth and virulence. Muñoz-Elías, E.J., McKinney, J.D. Nat. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. Prevention of vaccinia virus infection in immunodeficient mice by vector-directed IL-2 expression. Flexner, C., Hügin, A., Moss, B. Nature (1987) [Pubmed]
  4. Enhancement of growth of virulent strains of Escherichia coli by interleukin-1. Porat, R., Clark, B.D., Wolff, S.M., Dinarello, C.A. Science (1991) [Pubmed]
  5. Salmonella pathogenicity island 2-dependent evasion of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Vazquez-Torres, A., Xu, Y., Jones-Carson, J., Holden, D.W., Lucia, S.M., Dinauer, M.C., Mastroeni, P., Fang, F.C. Science (2000) [Pubmed]
  6. Role of lipopolysaccharide in opsonization and phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Engels, W., Endert, J., Kamps, M.A., van Boven, C.P. Infect. Immun. (1985) [Pubmed]
  7. Triple basepair changes within and adjacent to the conserved YY1 motif upstream of the U3 enhancer repeats of SL3-3 murine leukemia virus cause a small but significant shortening of latency of T-lymphoma induction. Ma, S.L., Lovmand, J., Sørensen, A.B., Luz, A., Schmidt, J., Pedersen, F.S. Virology (2003) [Pubmed]
  8. M protein, a classical bacterial virulence determinant, forms complexes with fibrinogen that induce vascular leakage. Herwald, H., Cramer, H., Mörgelin, M., Russell, W., Sollenberg, U., Norrby-Teglund, A., Flodgaard, H., Lindbom, L., Björck, L. Cell (2004) [Pubmed]
  9. Arabidopsis RIN4 is a target of the type III virulence effector AvrRpt2 and modulates RPS2-mediated resistance. Mackey, D., Belkhadir, Y., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R., Dangl, J.L. Cell (2003) [Pubmed]
  10. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) transfers its receptor for intimate adherence into mammalian cells. Kenny, B., DeVinney, R., Stein, M., Reinscheid, D.J., Frey, E.A., Finlay, B.B. Cell (1997) [Pubmed]
  11. Protein tyrosine phosphatase activity of an essential virulence determinant in Yersinia. Guan, K.L., Dixon, J.E. Science (1990) [Pubmed]
  12. Mycolactone: a polyketide toxin from Mycobacterium ulcerans required for virulence. George, K.M., Chatterjee, D., Gunawardana, G., Welty, D., Hayman, J., Lee, R., Small, P.L. Science (1999) [Pubmed]
  13. Characterization of the cassette containing genes for type 3 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Dillard, J.P., Vandersea, M.W., Yother, J. J. Exp. Med. (1995) [Pubmed]
  14. Phase-variable expression of lipopolysaccharide contributes to the virulence of legionella pneumophila. Lüneberg, E., Zähringer, U., Knirel, Y.A., Steinmann, D., Hartmann, M., Steinmetz, I., Rohde, M., Köhl, J., Frosch, M. J. Exp. Med. (1998) [Pubmed]
  15. Streptococcal cysteine proteinase releases kinins: a virulence mechanism. Herwald, H., Collin, M., Müller-Esterl, W., Björck, L. J. Exp. Med. (1996) [Pubmed]
  16. A bacterial virulence determinant encoded by lysogenic coliphage lambda. Barondess, J.J., Beckwith, J. Nature (1990) [Pubmed]
  17. Complete genome sequence of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain MC58. Tettelin, H., Saunders, N.J., Heidelberg, J., Jeffries, A.C., Nelson, K.E., Eisen, J.A., Ketchum, K.A., Hood, D.W., Peden, J.F., Dodson, R.J., Nelson, W.C., Gwinn, M.L., DeBoy, R., Peterson, J.D., Hickey, E.K., Haft, D.H., Salzberg, S.L., White, O., Fleischmann, R.D., Dougherty, B.A., Mason, T., Ciecko, A., Parksey, D.S., Blair, E., Cittone, H., Clark, E.B., Cotton, M.D., Utterback, T.R., Khouri, H., Qin, H., Vamathevan, J., Gill, J., Scarlato, V., Masignani, V., Pizza, M., Grandi, G., Sun, L., Smith, H.O., Fraser, C.M., Moxon, E.R., Rappuoli, R., Venter, J.C. Science (2000) [Pubmed]
  18. Inducible gene expression in trypanosomes mediated by a prokaryotic repressor. Wirtz, E., Clayton, C. Science (1995) [Pubmed]
  19. Chaperones and protein folding. Kelley, W.L., Georgopoulos, C. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  20. Cryptococcus neoformans mating and virulence are regulated by the G-protein alpha subunit GPA1 and cAMP. Alspaugh, J.A., Perfect, J.R., Heitman, J. Genes Dev. (1997) [Pubmed]
  21. Linkage of adhesion, filamentous growth, and virulence in Candida albicans to a single gene, INT1. Gale, C.A., Bendel, C.M., McClellan, M., Hauser, M., Becker, J.M., Berman, J., Hostetter, M.K. Science (1998) [Pubmed]
  22. Modulation of virulence factor expression by pathogen target cell contact. Pettersson, J., Nordfelth, R., Dubinina, E., Bergman, T., Gustafsson, M., Magnusson, K.E., Wolf-Watz, H. Science (1996) [Pubmed]
  23. Yersinia virulence factor YopJ acts as a deubiquitinase to inhibit NF-kappa B activation. Zhou, H., Monack, D.M., Kayagaki, N., Wertz, I., Yin, J., Wolf, B., Dixit, V.M. J. Exp. Med. (2005) [Pubmed]
  24. The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vad1 regulates multiple virulence-associated genes in Cryptococcus neoformans. Panepinto, J., Liu, L., Ramos, J., Zhu, X., Valyi-Nagy, T., Eksi, S., Fu, J., Jaffe, H.A., Wickes, B., Williamson, P.R. J. Clin. Invest. (2005) [Pubmed]
  25. Identification of App1 as a regulator of phagocytosis and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Luberto, C., Martinez-Mariño, B., Taraskiewicz, D., Bolaños, B., Chitano, P., Toffaletti, D.L., Cox, G.M., Perfect, J.R., Hannun, Y.A., Balish, E., Del Poeta, M. J. Clin. Invest. (2003) [Pubmed]
  26. Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Ren, S.X., Fu, G., Jiang, X.G., Zeng, R., Miao, Y.G., Xu, H., Zhang, Y.X., Xiong, H., Lu, G., Lu, L.F., Jiang, H.Q., Jia, J., Tu, Y.F., Jiang, J.X., Gu, W.Y., Zhang, Y.Q., Cai, Z., Sheng, H.H., Yin, H.F., Zhang, Y., Zhu, G.F., Wan, M., Huang, H.L., Qian, Z., Wang, S.Y., Ma, W., Yao, Z.J., Shen, Y., Qiang, B.Q., Xia, Q.C., Guo, X.K., Danchin, A., Saint Girons, I., Somerville, R.L., Wen, Y.M., Shi, M.H., Chen, Z., Xu, J.G., Zhao, G.P. Nature (2003) [Pubmed]
  27. The glyoxylate cycle is required for fungal virulence. Lorenz, M.C., Fink, G.R. Nature (2001) [Pubmed]
  28. De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is required for virulence of Toxoplasma gondii. Fox, B.A., Bzik, D.J. Nature (2002) [Pubmed]
  29. Structure of dehydroquinate synthase reveals an active site capable of multistep catalysis. Carpenter, E.P., Hawkins, A.R., Frost, J.W., Brown, K.A. Nature (1998) [Pubmed]
  30. Exploitation of syndecan-1 shedding by Pseudomonas aeruginosa enhances virulence. Park, P.W., Pier, G.B., Hinkes, M.T., Bernfield, M. Nature (2001) [Pubmed]
  31. Critical role of complement and viral evasion of complement in acute, persistent, and latent gamma-herpesvirus infection. Kapadia, S.B., Levine, B., Speck, S.H., Virgin, H.W. Immunity (2002) [Pubmed]
  32. Plant defense: one post, multiple guards?! Marathe, R., Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. Mol. Cell (2003) [Pubmed]
  33. Importance of Helicobacter pylori oipA in clinical presentation, gastric inflammation, and mucosal interleukin 8 production. Yamaoka, Y., Kikuchi, S., el-Zimaity, H.M., Gutierrez, O., Osato, M.S., Graham, D.Y. Gastroenterology (2002) [Pubmed]
  34. Progressive esophagitis from acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex. Clinical roles for DNA polymerase mutants and viral heterogeneity? Sacks, S.L., Wanklin, R.J., Reece, D.E., Hicks, K.A., Tyler, K.L., Coen, D.M. Ann. Intern. Med. (1989) [Pubmed]
  35. Genome sequence of the enterobacterial phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and characterization of virulence factors. Bell, K.S., Sebaihia, M., Pritchard, L., Holden, M.T., Hyman, L.J., Holeva, M.C., Thomson, N.R., Bentley, S.D., Churcher, L.J., Mungall, K., Atkin, R., Bason, N., Brooks, K., Chillingworth, T., Clark, K., Doggett, J., Fraser, A., Hance, Z., Hauser, H., Jagels, K., Moule, S., Norbertczak, H., Ormond, D., Price, C., Quail, M.A., Sanders, M., Walker, D., Whitehead, S., Salmond, G.P., Birch, P.R., Parkhill, J., Toth, I.K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2004) [Pubmed]
  36. Highly attenuated vaccinia virus mutants for the generation of safe recombinant viruses. Rodriguez, D., Rodriguez, J.R., Rodriguez, J.F., Trauber, D., Esteban, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1989) [Pubmed]
  37. Polynucleotide phosphorylase is a global regulator of virulence and persistency in Salmonella enterica. Clements, M.O., Eriksson, S., Thompson, A., Lucchini, S., Hinton, J.C., Normark, S., Rhen, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2002) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities