Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)

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Shakhov, A.N. et al.

Kappa B-type enhancers are involved in lipopolysaccharide-mediated transcriptional activation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene in primary macrophages.

We have explored the cis-acting elements necessary for the LPS- mediated activation of the mouse TNF-alpha promoter by transfecting a set of 5' deletion mutants linked to the CAT reporter gene into primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. A major drop in inducibility by LPS was seen upon deletion of a region mapping between nt -655 and nt -451. Gel retardation assays revealed that LPS induced the appearance in this region of several specific DNA-protein complexes mapping to sequence motifs with strong homology to the kappa B enhancer. Constructs containing two or more copies of one of the kappa B enhancer motifs linked to a heterologous promoter were inducible by LPS. Additional deletion of a region between nt -301 and nt -241, which contains a MHC class II-like "Y box" and formed a Y box-specific complex with a protein whose concentration was increased by LPS, caused a nearly complete loss of inducibility by LPS. We speculate that NF-kappa B and/or related proteins are involved in the LPS- induced transcriptional activation of the TNF-alpha gene, and that factors interacting with the Y box can additionally modulate the activity of the gene in macrophages.[1]

References

Kappa B-type enhancers are involved in lipopolysaccharide-mediated transcriptional activation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene in primary macrophages. Shakhov, A.N., Collart, M.A., Vassalli, P., Nedospasov, S.A., Jongeneel, C.V. J. Exp. Med. (1990) [Pubmed]

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