Haemolytic transfusion reactions due to HLA antibodies. A prospective study combining red-cell serology with investigations of chromium-51-labelled red-cell kinetics.
In a prospective study to see whether HLA sensitisation is associated with increased red-blood-cell (RBC) destruction after HLA-incompatible transfusion, chromium-51-labelled RBC survival and site of sequestration were monitored in nine patients in whom HLA antibodies had developed after RBC transfusions. The donors selected were compatible in ABO and RBC-specific antigen systems but mismatched for the HLA antigen in question. Haemolytic transfusion reactions occurred in all four patients who received HLA-B7-incompatible RBC. A direct radioimmune anti-IgG test became positive, Cr51-RBC survival was very short (22.3, 36.9, 41.4, and 44.0 days), and excess sequestration in the spleen was measured. There was a rise in serum lactic dehydrogenase and a fall in haptoglobin. HLA-B7 antibody was detected in the eluate prepared from RBC collected after transfusion. A similar reaction was found in only one further patient, caused by an HLA-A2 incompatibility. No indications of immune-mediated RBC sequestration were discernible after transfusion of HLA-B7-compatible RBC in one of the patients who had shown a reaction with HLA-B7-incompatible blood, nor in any of the other patients who received HLA-B7-compatible RBC. The haemolytic transfusion reactions could not be anticipated by conventional crossmatch procedures, nor by the measurement of the Cr51-RBC survival 1 h after transfusion.[1]References
- Haemolytic transfusion reactions due to HLA antibodies. A prospective study combining red-cell serology with investigations of chromium-51-labelled red-cell kinetics. Panzer, S., Püchler, K., Mayr, W.R., Höcker, P., Graninger, W., Lechner, K. Lancet (1987) [Pubmed]
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