Disease relevance of azanylidyne-hydroxysulfanyl-methane

• Thiocyanate should be considered to augment peroxidase-mediated toxicity because these enzymes can convert relatively benign hypothiocyanite into a stronger oxidant [1].
• The antimicrobial oxidizing agent hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN-) was measured in resting (drooling) and stimulated (expectorated) whole saliva [2].
• Combined inhibitory effect of bovine immune whey and peroxidase-generated hypothiocyanite against glucose uptake by Streptococcus mutans [3].
• Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1, respiratory syncytial virus and echovirus type 11 by peroxidase-generated hypothiocyanite [4].
• Our results suggest that hypothiocyanite, a normal component of human whole saliva, in physiological concentrations effectively inhibits HSV-1 and RSV at acidic pH, whereas EV 11 is more resistant in vitro [4].

High impact information on azanylidyne-hydroxysulfanyl-methane

• We used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and quantitative chemical analysis to identify the principal reaction products of both the EPO/SCN(-)/H(2)O(2) system and activated eosinophils as roughly equimolar amounts of OSCN(-) (hypothiocyanite) and OCN(-) (cyanate) [5].
• MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Dual oxidase enzyme of airway epithelial cells generated sufficient H(2)O(2) to support production of bactericidal hypothiocyanite (OSCN(-)) in the presence of airway surface liquid components lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate (SCN(-)) [6].
• Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide: a reinvestigation of hypothiocyanite by nuclear magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy [7].
• 5. We found that when eosinophil peroxidase or myeloperoxidase oxidized thiocyanate, another product besides hypothiocyanite was formed; it also converted methionine into methionine sulphoxide [1].
• We also show that airway LPO, like milk LPO, produces the biocidal compound hypothiocyanite (OSCN(-)) in vitro [8].

Anatomical context of azanylidyne-hydroxysulfanyl-methane

• Furthermore, the product of the nonenzymatic reaction of HOBr and SCN(-), hypothiocyanite (OSCN(-)), is an effective antimicrobial that is relatively innocuous toward mammalian cell lines [9].
• Therefore, aurothiomalate may attenuate inflammation by acting as a pro-drug which is reliant on neutrophils and monocytes to produce hypothiocyanite [10].
• The bacteria were grown to late-exponential phase, washed, re-suspended in buffer at pH6, and incubated with (1) 50 micrograms/mL lysozyme from human milk for 60 min; (2) 7-15 mumol/L hypothiocyanous acid/hypothiocyanite for 10 min; and (3) lysozyme for 60 min prior to addition of and incubation with hypothiocyanous acid/hypothiocyanite for 10 min [11].
• The parameters evaluated were oral mucous membrane lesion index (MLI), CFU of Candida, saliva flow rate, protein-bound Fe (Fe-prot), Fe-prot binding capacity (Fe-prot cap), IgAs, peroxidase activity (PA), hypothiocyanite and thiocyanite [12].

Associations of azanylidyne-hydroxysulfanyl-methane with other chemical compounds

• The rate of hydrogen peroxide excretion, oxygen uptake, and acid production from glucose by washed-cell suspensions of these strains were studied, and the levels of enzymes in cell-free extracts which reduced oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, or hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) in the presence of NADH or NADPH were assayed [13].
• In secreted fluids, the enzyme lactoperoxidase (LP) catalyzes the oxidation of thiocyanate ion (SCN-) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), producing the weak oxidizing agent hypothiocyanite (OSCN-), which has bacteriostatic activity [14].
• The addition of 5 mmol/L dithiothreitol after incubation with lysozyme and hypothiocyanous acid/hypothiocyanite eliminated the inhibition of the bacterial glucose uptake [11].
• Hypobromous acid and hypothiocyanite are the major products of eosinophil peroxidase [15].

Gene context of azanylidyne-hydroxysulfanyl-methane

• When compared with the adult reference group, the children displayed similar levels of lysozyme, salivary peroxidase, and hypothiocyanite (OSCN-), whereas the amounts of immunoglobulins (isotypes A, G, and M), lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, thiocyanate (SCN-), amylase, and protein were significantly lower than the adult values [16].
• The saliva analysis included the quantitation of total protein, amylase, immunoglobulins (isotypes A, G, and M), and the non-antibody, innate antimicrobial factors (lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, thiocyanate, and hypothiocyanite) [17].
• The formation of hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN-) as one of the oxidation products correlated well with the activity of the LPO/SCN-/H2O2 system and was maximum when the concentrations of the H2O2 and SCN- were nearly the same and the pH was less than 6 [18].
• In contrast, lysozyme in combination with hypothiocyanous acid/hypothiocyanite without peroxidase gave only a 30-50% inhibition [11].
• The study was conducted to determine thiocyanate (SCN-) and hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) concentrations in resting (RWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) and stimulated parotid saliva (SPS) of 20 healthy young adults aged 21-29 y [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of azanylidyne-hydroxysulfanyl-methane

• Abolition of herpes simplex cytopathic effect after treatment with peroxidase generated hypothiocyanite [20].

References