Disease relevance of o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile

• Comparative acute toxicity of o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) and oleoresin capsicum (OC) in awake rats [1].
• Mutagenicity evaluation of riot control agent o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) in the Ames Salmonella/microsome test [2].
• The effect of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) on the immune system was studied in mice given 8 and 16 mg/kg body weight i.p. of the compound, daily for 10 days [3].
• The effects of the tear gas 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) on micronucleus induction and cell cycle kinetics were studied in Chinese hamster and Ehrlich ascites tumour cells using flow cytometric analysis of micronuclei and nuclei in suspension, and indirect immunofluorescent staining of kinetochores in micronuclei [4].
• CS gas (2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile) is widely used in an incapacitant spray that causes intense lacrimation, blepharospasm and burning sensations in the throat and nose [5].

High impact information on o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile

• 3 The chemical irritants dibenzoxazepine and its 2-chloro- and 3-chloro-analogues and o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile produced a fall in input resistance but no change in membrane potential [6].
• Induction of cell cycle perturbations by the tear gas 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile in synchronously and asynchronously proliferating mammalian cells [7].
• The clastogenicity of the sensory irritant 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) to V79 Chinese hamster cells was investigated at various exposure conditions [8].
• Mitotic spindle damage induced by 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) in V79 Chinese hamster cells examined by differential staining of the spindle apparatus and chromosomes [9].
• A 3-h exposure of V79 Chinese hamster cells with the sensory irritant 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) caused apolar mitoses in a dose-dependent manner [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile

• The Department of Health used existing data to evaluate three commonly used self-defense spray active ingredients (oleoresin capsicum, o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, and 2-chloroacetophenone) with respect to their relative toxicity and their involvement in accidental poisonings [10].

Biological context of o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile

• Analysis of the aneuploidy inducing capacity of 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) and metabolites in V79 Chinese hamster cells [11].
• The comparative acute toxicity of two peripheral sensory irritant materials, 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) and 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS), has been investigated in several species of small mammal using solutions in polyethylene glycol 300 for intravenous, intraperitoneal and oral administration, and as pure aerosols for inhalation exposure [12].
• Short-term toxicity studies of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile on humoral immunity in mice [3].
• An evaluation of the relative potential public health concern for the self-defense spray active ingredients oleoresin capsicum, o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, and 2-chloroacetophenone [10].
• The genotoxicity of the sensory irritant 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) to V79 Chinese hamster cells was investigated using the induction of gene mutations, micronuclei and DNA repair synthesis as biological endpoints [13].

Anatomical context of o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile

• No significant induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes by 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile or chloral hydrate was found [14].
• Micronuclei (MN) induced in NIH 3T3 cells by the tear gas 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS) were studied in detail using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) [15].
• Acute pulmonary effects from o-chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile "tear gas": a unique exposure outcome unmasked by strenuous exercise after a military training event [16].
• This communication describes histological changes in the thyroid gland of rats under the acute stress of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) [17].
• Sebaceous gland non-specific esterase activity was suppressed following application to mouse skin of 2 electrophilic alpha beta-unsaturated compounds, o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and beta-nitrostyrene, but not by three others [18].

Associations of o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile with other chemical compounds

• Adult male Wistar rats administered i.p. with 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) excreted one mercapturic acid in urine [19].
• The aneuploidy inducing capacity of 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS), a chemical used as a riot control agent, and its hydrolysis products o-chlorobenzaldehyde and malonitrile was studied at various exposure conditions in V79 Chinese hamster cells [11].

Gene context of o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile

• The effect of o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (tear gas) on the polymerase chain reaction [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile

• Micronuclei induced by 2-chlorobenzylidene malonitrile contain single chromosomes as demonstrated by the combined use of flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining with anti-kinetochore antibodies [4].

References