Disease relevance of Serum thymic factor

• Three children with IgA and IgE deficiency and T-cell defects (two related patients with ataxia telangiectasia and one with common variable immune deficiency) were treated with synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) intravenously [1].
• Deficiency of autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions and serum thymic factor level in Down's syndrome [2].
• Serum thymic factor (FTS), a thymic peptide hormone, has been reported to attenuate the bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury and also experimental pancreatitis and diabetes [3].
• Suppression of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by synthetic serum thymic factor. Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies [4].
• Lymphocytes from five children suffering from ataxia telangectasia or various unclassified immune deficiencies were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) [5].

High impact information on Serum thymic factor

• Thymic hormone-containing cells. Characterization and localization of serum thymic factor in young mouse thymus studied by monoclonal antibodies [6].
• Improvement of cellular immunity and IgA production in immunodeficient children after treatment with synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) [1].
• It was recently reported that one of the best-known thymic hormones responsible for the maturation and differentiation of the thymus-derived T-lymphocyte line, i.e., serum thymic factor (STF), is biologically active only when bound to zinc ions; in this form it has been called thymulin (Zn-STF) [7].
• The nonapeptide less than Glu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn (formerly called serum thymic factor) is a factor produced by the thymic epithelium, which needs a zinc ion to express its immunoregulatory properties [8].
• In contrast, preincubation with thymulin (serum thymic factor (FTS) plus ZnCl2), which shares several physicochemical properties with SDIP, significantly improved the ability of lymphoid cells to induce lethal GVHR [9].

Biological context of Serum thymic factor

• Failure of thymopoietin, ubiquitin and synthetic serum thymic factor to restore immunocompetence in T-cell deficient mice [10].
• Human post-thymic precursor cells in health and disease. V. Stimulatory effect of serum thymic factor on the cell cycle of autologous-rosette forming and T gamma-cells [11].
• Activation of polyclonal antibody responses by a synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) in CBA/N mice [12].
• Synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) and several of its analogues have been examined for immunoregulatory properties in a murine skin graft rejection model, including a syngeneic male-to-female system and an allogeneic system [13].
• Hybrid cell lines secreting antibodies specific for synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) were prepared by cell fusion and cloning techniques [14].

Anatomical context of Serum thymic factor

• Specific receptors for the serum thymic factor (FTS) in lymphoblastoid cultured cell lines [15].
• Restoration by serum thymic factor of colony-forming unit (CFU-S) entry into DNA synthesis in thymectomized mice after T-dependent antigen treatment [16].
• Previous studies indicated that the serum thymic factor (FTS) could modulate in vivo the level of splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice [17].
• The number of thymic epithelial cells containing the serum thymic factor (FTS or thymulin), assessed by indirect immunofluorescence using an anti-FTS monoclonal antibody, was studied in the thymus of normal and autoimmune mice as a function of age [18].
• Synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) suppressed autoantibody production to the thyroid after reovirus Type 1 infection [19].

Associations of Serum thymic factor with other chemical compounds

• Several concentrations of thymosin fraction 5, serum thymic factor, tuftsin or thymopentin, as well as histamine or A23187 (as positive controls) were exogenously applied to parenchymal lung fragments in vitro, and supernatants analyzed for PG content by radioimmunoassay [20].

Gene context of Serum thymic factor

• Suppressor mechanism of serum thymic factor on tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis in the mouse pancreatic beta-cell line [21].
• Serum thymic factor prevents LPS-induced pancreatic cell damage in mice via up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression in pancreas [22].
• Nonathymulin in rheumatoid arthritis: two double blind, placebo controlled trials [23].
• In this patient, a concomitant thymic deficiency was documented by failure to identify thymic tissue on a thymus biopsy and by an absence or decrease of the serum thymic factor (thymulin) and thymosin alpha 1 [24].
• The activity of synthetic analogs of serum thymic factor (FTS) to convert mouse pre-T cells into Thy-1 positive cells [25].
• The pulmonary thymulin effect was likely mediated through suppression of p38 pathway [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Serum thymic factor

• The characterization and distribution of cells containing the serum thymic factor (FTS) in the thymus of young mice was studied by immunofluorescence using monoclonal anti-FTS antibodies [6].
• Radioimmunoassays for the thymic hormone serum thymic factor (FTS) [27].
• Studies on the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of serum thymic factor on murine allograft immunity [28].
• OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of thymulin (serum thymic factor + Zn2+) in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in rats [29].
• Serum thymic factor (FTS) reduced mortality of mice after total-body irradiation with 7.56 Gy X rays [30].

References