Disease relevance of CCRIS 4821

• HBCD: Also in the case of HBCD, relevant toxicity studies are lacking [1].
• However, in a recent short paper behavioural effects in mice pups were observed already at 0.9 mg/kg body weight, and behavioural effects may be a sensitive endpoint for HBCD, as well as for other BFRs [1].

High impact information on CCRIS 4821

• In a previous study the biodegradation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was reported to occur under realistic environmental concentrations in soils and freshwater aquatic sediments with biotransformation half-lives ranging from approximately 2 days to 2 months [2].
• A new method has been developed for the multi-residue measurement of the main brominated flame retardants (alpha- and gamma-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBP-A) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers including decabromodiphenyl ether) in human biological matrices (serum, adipose tissue and breast milk) [3].
• In conclusion, our findings indicate that the modern additives to plastic, i.e., HBCD and PBDEs, as well as the plastic monomer BCPS may have the same effect to human health as DDT and PCBs, in terms of inducing genetic recombination, which is known to provoke a number of diseases, including cancer [4].
• The extent of bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereoisomers (alpha, beta, and gamma), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), and bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) was examined in a Lake Winnipeg (Canada) food web [5].
• Compared to TBBPA and a technical HBCD mixture, DecaBDE exhibited a much longer half-life of 7 x 10(2)d in the same system [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of CCRIS 4821

• These BFR groups were selected because of a large volume production (PBDEs, TBBPA and derivates), and availability of some toxicity data in spite of much lower production volumes (HBCD and PBBs) [1].

Biological context of CCRIS 4821

• BDE183, BDE209 and HBCD were detected in peregrine falcons from Sweden and other birds feeding on terrestrial food chains [7].
• Modulation at a cellular level of the thyroid hormone receptor-mediated gene expression by 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl (DIB), and nitrofen (NIP) [8].
• Disruption of thyroid hormone-mediated Xenopus laevis tadpole tail tip regression by hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-nona brominated diphenyl ether (BDE206) [9].
• PBDEs, TBBPA, and HBCCD are of particular concern due to increasing environmental concentrations and their ubiquitous presence in the tissues of humans and wildlife from Europe, Japan, and North America. Regardless, the toxicokinetics, in particular metabolism, of BFRs has received little attention [10].

Associations of CCRIS 4821 with other chemical compounds

• In the SPD8 assay system statistically significant increases in recombination frequency were observed with Aroclor 1221, BCPS, DBDE, DDT, HBCD, MBDE and TBDE [4].
• In addition, HBCD concentrations appear to be increasing in California sea lion populations, whereas PBDE concentrations, between 1993 and 2003, were highly variable [11].
• Neurotoxicity of the pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture, DE-71, and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in rat cerebellar granule cells in vitro [12].

Gene context of CCRIS 4821

• The shag hatchlings seemed to be relatively highly contaminated by PBDEs and HBCD on a European scale [13].

References