Disease relevance of Laurocapram

• Influence of 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) on the topical therapy of cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in hairless mice with 2',3'-di-O-acetyl-9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine and 5'-O-valeryl-9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine [1].
• The central nervous system (CNS) toxicity of PNAP was evaluated by comparing the effects of intraperitoneal administration of PNAP to mice with those of laurocapram (Azone), a known penetration enhancer [2].
• Topical methotrexate (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) in a laurocapram-containing formulation was tested in a two-center double-blind pilot clinical study of 42 patients with plaque psoriasis [3].
• The results show that hydroalcoholic gels and poly(ethylene glycol) ointments are both suitable vehicles for progesterone and that premenstrual syndrome might be treated effectively by use of hydroalcoholic gels containing 10% laurocapram [4].

High impact information on Laurocapram

• The influence of 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone) on the in vitro permeation of hairless mouse skin and human epidermis by hydrocortisone was studied as a function of the amount of Azone solubilized and/or emulsified into aqueous media applied to the membranes using the infinite-dose technique [5].
• The permeability coefficient of 5-fluorouracil through human abdominal and hairless mouse skins was used as an indicator of the relative effects of 12-h pretreatment of the skins with either penetration-enhancer mixtures [including laurocapram (Azone), decylmethylsulfoxide, oleic acid, and propylene glycol] or saline (control) [6].
• The new penetration enhancers, padimate O (PadO) and octyl salicylate (OSal) were used and compared with laurocapram (AZ) and oleic acid (OA) [7].
• Azone (1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one) is an agent that has been shown to enhance percutaneous absorption of drugs [8].
• Pretreatment of hairless mouse skin in vivo (prior to animal sacrifice, tissue excision, and in vitro transport/metabolism studies) with 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (Azone), a putative penetration enhancer, significantly lowered the skin barrier to nitrate flux (relative to the appropriate control) [9].

Biological context of Laurocapram

• These results clarify that the enhancement mechanism of OTG was different from that of laurocapram and other lipophilic enhancers [10].
• Enhancement of percutaneous absorption by laurocapram [11].

Associations of Laurocapram with other chemical compounds

• Four purported penetration enhancers [Azone (laurocapram), hexamethylenelauramide, hexamethyleneoctanamide, and decylmethylsulfoxide] were employed [12].
• In vitro percutaneous penetration of methotrexate is enhanced with 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (laurocapram [Azone]) [3].
• Isopropyl myristate, dimethyl lauramide, and 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (laurocapram, Azone) were used as control enhancers [13].
• Also, laurocapram and sorbitan monooleate increased the fraction absorbed via the rapid absorption pathway by about three times, without a significant alteration of either absorption rate constant, while the enhancers gave no significant effect on either absorption pathway in the stripped skin [14].
• Influence of 1-dodecylhexahydro-2H-azepin-2-one (Azone) on the in vitro permeation of verapamil hydrochloride across rat, hairless mouse, and human cadaver skin [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Laurocapram

• The apparent rotational correlation time of 16-doxyl-stearic acid was decreased by 1.6-2 times after treatment with laurocapram [11].
• Scanning electron microscopic observations of hairless rat skin treated with laurocapram indicated looseness and cell separation of the stratum corneum probably caused by the extensive extraction of the intercellular lipids [11].
• The present study investigates the skin pre-treatment with Azone (laurocapram) and iontophoresis on the pharmacodynamic effect of timolol maleate (TM) in vivo in albino rabbits [16].

References