Disease relevance of cholesterol

• Since CHDL level is inversely associated with coronary heart disease in adults, it is important to quantitate C-HDL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL) in hypercholesterolemic children and to identify those with putatively reduced risk (elevated C-HDL level) or increased risk (elevated C-LDL level) [1].
• Nevertheless, in HIV+ asymptomatic individuals, the CH/PL ratio of quiescent PBMCs resembled that of PHA-activated PBMCs from healthy donors, suggesting that quiescent PBMCs are in a partially activated or "preactivated" status [2].
• There were strong positive correlations between serum ADPN levels and Cho (r=0.637, p=0.000), TG (r=0.516, p=0.002), low density lipoprotein (r=0.614, p=0.000) levels and 24-hour proteinuria (r=0.828, p=0.000) levels, whereas protein (r=-0.695, p=0.000) and albumin (r=0.732, p=0.000) levels were inversely correlated with ADPN levels [3].
• Although the lithocholic acid (LCA)/deoxycholic acid (DCA) ratio, a risk index for colorectal cancer, was significantly lower in the bamboo, burdock and apple groups than in the CP or corn groups when given the diet without Chol, the differences disappeared with the addition of Chol [4].

High impact information on cholesterol

• Contrary to these observations, lipid-laden SMC demonstrated a significant 50% loss in CHOL and CE after treatment with Nifedipine, due in part to the observed increase in CE hydrolytic activities [5].
• These data support our hypothesis that Nifedipine decreases CHOL and CE accumulation in arterial SMC by increasing arterial CE hydrolysis [5].
• In the CAD group, CHOL/HDL and triglycerides (TG) correlated with sTNFR2 (r=0.48, P=0.005 for CHOL/HDL, r=0.40, P=0.015 for TG) [6].
• In artificial membrane bilayers, saturated long acyl chain-containing phospholipids and cholesterol (Chol) interact to form more ordered domains than those in phospholipids with unsaturated or short fatty acyl chains [7].
• The results of the two totally independent methods, fluorescence quenching by 12-SLPC and fluorescence polarization of DPH, show that all steroids examined, except for Chol and 25-hydroycholesterol, behave as lipid domain-disrupting compounds [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of cholesterol

• A PL-enriched parenteral formulation can trap CHOL, but it does not affect the immune profile or HIV infectivity in patients with advanced disease [8].

Biological context of cholesterol

• Mitochondria from LPS+ASA-treated rats showed a decrease in lipid microviscosity, in CHOL/PL ratio and in CHOL/PL ratio of both inner and outer membrane fractions; these alterations suggested a general increase in membrane fluidity [9].
• Literature values of four pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in dogs and acute LD50 values of the nitroimidazoles in BALB/c mice were highly correlated with log K or log Km only in CHOL-free liposomes [10].
• Both reduced CH esterification and TXA2 receptor antagonism may contribute to the diminution of progression of atherosclerosis by daltroban [11].
• The results were related to the well-known role of PL and CH derivatives in gene function control and cell growth [12].
• In rabbits fed CH-enriched diet treatment with daltroban led to an inhibition of platelet aggregation and to a significant reduction of progression of atherosclerosis [11].

Anatomical context of cholesterol

• The results indicated that the dietary protein-dependent change in the liver microsomal CHOL/PL ratio affected membrane fluidity, and subsequently the activity of delta 6 desaturase in liver microsomes [13].
• Again, the membranes isolated from rats receiving CCl4 + silymarin showed normal CH/PL and SM/PC values [14].
• A significant inverse correlation was observed between the GSI and GnRH soma size in Ch controls, suggesting animals with larger GnRH neurons tended to have smaller gonads [15].
• The cholesterol (CHOL) level in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) membrane is very high, and recent lipid formulations with high phospholipid (PL) content have demonstrated the ability to trap CHOL from endogenous sources, modifying the composition of cell membranes [8].
• The concentrations of cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TGL) and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) in 4 days old infants were higher than in cord blood (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, resp.), but were only 50% of those in blood of the respective mothers [16].

Associations of cholesterol with other chemical compounds

• Cholesterol (C) and triglyceride (TG) levels in each lipoprotein fraction were measured by a combination of agarose gel electrophoresis and differential staining [17].
• CPFX-liposomes were prepared with hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC), cholesterol (CH) and dicetylphosphate (DCP) in a lipid molar ratio of 7/2/1 by the hydration method and then adjusted to five different particle sizes (100, 200, 400, 1000 and 2000 nm) [18].
• In these animals, we studied the effect of dried whole mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus, 2% in the diet, 6-mo experiment) and ethanol-insoluble residue and structurally defined fungal polysaccharide, both isolated from the mushroom (in both cases, 4% in the diet, 2-mo experiments) on C and TG concentration in serum and liver [19].
• The best lipid matrices resulted from hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine from soybean (HSPC): Cholesterol (Chol): distearoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG) (molar ratio 2:2:1) prepared with BNZ dissolved in DMSO [20].
• Determinations of the pKa of PCP adsorbed to PC, PG, PC/Chol, PG/Chol membranes and dissolved in dioxane-water solutions of a known dielectric constant [21].

Gene context of cholesterol

• Here we comparatively analyze, in PBMCs from patients with AIDS and related syndromes, (1) changes in membrane fluidity, measured as the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio (CH/PL), and (2) changes in the expression of AFP receptors and of the alpha chain of IL-2 receptor (TAC antigen) [2].
• On day 21/III of treatment with EE/DG, the levels of total CH, LDL-CH and apolipoprotein B did not differ from controls, while apolipoprotein A-II was significantly increased [22].
• The serum concentrations of total triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein CH (VLDL-CH), VLDL-TG, LD-TG, high-density lipoprotein CH (HDL-CH), HDL-TG, and apolipoprotein A-I were not significantly affected on day 3/I, but elevated on day 21/III [22].
• Pigs were fed for 50 days with a diet rich in saturated fat and cholesterol (cho) [23].
• For seropositive groups, no statistically significant changes in CH/PL ratios were appreciated on PHA activation [2].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cholesterol

• Atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments showed less lateral phase separation between 16:0-18:1PE-rich and SM/CHOL-rich raft domains in 16:0-18:1PE/SM/CHOL (1:1:1) bilayers than was observed when 16:0-22:6PE replaced 16:0-18:1PE [24].
• Ultracentrifugation revealed a lower content of C (-44.2%) and apo A-I (-44.6%) in HDL-2 [25].
• 4. In HF-HC diet fed WKY and SHR, the total plasma CE, LDL-CE and total plasma TG were significantly reduced after oral administration of DC-015 (1 mg/kg, twice a day) for 4 weeks [26].

References