Disease relevance of ZEARALENONE

• No differences were observed between groups and a relationship between ZEA or chronic endometritis and UET, US, UW and EO were not established [1].

High impact information on ZEARALENONE

• FB1, FB2, and ZEA were determined by liquid chromatography and trichothecenes by gas chromatography [2].
• The quantitative detection limit in barley ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms/g. The average recoveries of 93.1% for DON, 3ADN, 15MAS, DAS, T-2 and ZEA, and 46.0% for FX and SCT added to barley at the level of 1 microgram/g were obtained [3].
• A spectrum of 13 trichothecenes of the A-type as well as of the B-type were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, zearalenone (ZEA), alpha- and beta-zearalenol (alpha- and beta-ZOL) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and UV-detection [4].
• ZEA, DON, and FB1 induce DNA fragmentation individually [5].
• Mixtures of ZEA or FB1 and DON, display synergistic effects in lipid peroxidation [5].

Biological context of ZEARALENONE

• An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of feeding Fusarium toxin-contaminated wheat (8.21 mg deoxynivalenol (DON) and 0.09 mg zearalenone (ZON) per kg dry matter) at different feed intake levels on the biotransformation and carry-over of DON in dairy cows [6].

Anatomical context of ZEARALENONE

• Lack of corpora lutea and vaginal cornification was observed in the high-dose ZEA group at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age (83, 100, 83 and 33%, respectively) [7].
• When Z was administered orally, no differences were seen in the fraction of the dose excreted in urine or feces as a result of varying dietary levels of alfalfa and protein [8].
• It may be concluded that protein and alfalfa treatments alleviate Z toxicosis through increased metabolism whereas zeolite binds Z in the digestive tract to prevent absorption [8].
• ZEA-treated mice without corpora lutea showed mammary growth arrest at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age; their mammary glands consisted only of a dilatated duct filled with secreted fluid [7].
• Since groups differed in UET and US, but were equally ZEA positive and the uteri chronically inflamed, an UET and US specifically associated with ZEA or chronic endometritis is questioned [1].

Associations of ZEARALENONE with other chemical compounds

• The concentrations of the indicator toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) which were analyzed by HPLC methods were 210/4, 3070/88, 6100/235, and 9570/358 microg/kg in the diets fed to groups I-IV, respectively [9].
• Analysis of zearalenone (ZEA), alpha- and beta-zearalenol (alpha- and beta-ZOL) was made by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV-detection [10].
• It also aimed to survey the presence and amounts of DON, OTA and ZEN in Belgian conventionally and organically produced wheat grain and in wholemeal wheat flours [11].
• In NR assay, mixture of FB1 and estradiol and/or ZEA improves Caco-2 cells viability in contrast to individual effects [5].
• A sensitive method was developed for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEL), beta-zearalenol (beta-ZEL) and zearalenone (ZEN) in beer by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of their heptafluorobutyrate (HFB) derivatives [12].

Gene context of ZEARALENONE

• In this study, aqueous equimolar (32 microM) solutions of aflatoxins B1 (AfB1), B2 (AfB2), G1 (AfG1), G2 (AfG2), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), ochratoxin A (OA), patulin, secalonic acid D (SAD) and zearalenone (ZEN) were treated with 2, 10 and/or 20 weight% O3 over a period of 5.0 min and analysed by HPLC [13].
• F. heterosporum (ZON, ZOL); F. solani; F. crookwellense (ZON, ZOL, FUS, NIV); F. oxysporum (MF); F. avenaceum (MF); F. sporotrichioides (T-2 toxin and derivatives); and F. poae (DAS, MAS) were occasionally isolated [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ZEARALENONE

• A total of 5652 samples of cereals were analysed for DON and ZEN by using TLC and normal-phase HPLC with UV-detector [15].
• ZEA was determined by liquid chromatography and trichothecenes by gas chromatography [16].
• Topical administration of Z produced a positive correlation between dietary zeolite and fecal Z excretion but no effect on urinary excretion [8].
• The samples were analysed for contamination with Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), T-2 Toxin (T-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and zearalenone (ZEA), using enzyme immunoassay methods [17].
• Zearalenone (ZEA) and the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON), 3- and 15-acetyl-DON (AcDON), nivalenol (NIV), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon-X (FX) and T-2 toxin (T-2) were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [18].

References