Disease relevance of enalapril

• Based on data from three studies with complete recording of adverse events in about 12,000 patients each, we determined that angioedema in association with the angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor enalapril maleate occurred during the first week of therapy at the rate of one case per 3000 patients per week [1].
• Renal glycosuria and azotemia after enalapril maleate (MK-421) [2].
• The antihypertensive efficacy and renal effects of enalapril maleate therapy were evaluated in 13 hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure [3].
• To our knowledge, we describe the first reversal of dialysis-dependent renal insufficiency by enalapril maleate and recovery and maintenance of near-normal renal function in a patient suffering from undifferentiated connective tissue disease with sclerodermatous features [4].
• Ninety-four normotensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus whose serum creatinine levels were lower than 123.76 mumol/L (1.4 mg/dL) and who had microalbuminuria (30 to 300 mg/24 h) were given enalapril maleate, 10 mg/d, or placebo, for 5 years [5].

High impact information on enalapril

• In the remaining ten patients, short-term (mean +/- SD, 63 +/- 9 days) enalapril maleate therapy decreased the patient's seated blood pressure from 161/98 +/- 19/8 to 130/80 +/- 13/7 mm Hg [3].
• The efficacy and safety of various doses of losartan potassium, a specific and selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist, were compared with those of placebo and enalapril maleate 20 mg in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension in a randomized, double-blind, parallel study [6].
• Enalapril and enalaprilat concentrations were measured after enalapril maleate (0.05 to 0.3 mg/kg) was administered orally to 12 pediatric patients (age range, 10 days to 6 1/2 years) with congestive heart failure caused by congenital heart disease and compared with those obtained from seven normal adults (age range, 21 to 39 years) [7].
• METHODS: Mice bearing human colon cancer xenografts were administered 2.0 microg/kg/min of angiotensin II (AT-II) for 1 h and 30 microg of a kininase inhibitor, enalapril maleate, before the administration of 3.7 MBq (131)I-A7, an IgG1 against 45-kDa glycoprotein on colorectal cancer, and tumor growth was observed thereafter [8].
• In rats treated with enalapril maleate alone, the AT1 receptor mRNA was difficult to detect during the experiment [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of enalapril

• Eight patients with essential hypertension completed a double-blind, randomly allocated crossover comparison of either 5 or 10 mg enalapril maleate, 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide, or their combination administered once daily during sequential two-week periods [10].
• A comparative evaluation of therapeutic effects of once a day dose of losartan potassium versus enalapril maleate in mild to moderate essential hypertension [11].
• The costs and potential savings associated with switching patients in a hypertension clinic from enalapril maleate to lisinopril were analyzed [12].
• Imidapril hydrochloride in essential hypertension: a double-blind comparative study using enalapril maleate as a control [13].
• Crossover trial comparison of enalapril maleate and trichlormethiazide in the treatment of essential hypertension: emphasis on the quality of life [14].

Biological context of enalapril

• The effects of enalapril maleate and its lysine analogue, lisinopril, on reflex control of heart rate after acute and chronic administration were examined in 10 normotensive males [15].
• The effects of an oral dose of 40 mg enalapril maleate on indocyanine green (ICG) kinetics were assessed in nine healthy subjects [16].
• Single doses of enalapril maleate 10 mg and frusemide 80 mg do not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of each other when taken concomitantly [17].
• A drastic improvement in blood pressure was noted within 24 hours of beginning enalapril maleate, although subsequent deterioration in fetal status led to delivery at 26 weeks' gestation [18].
• These results suggest that the administration of enalapril maleate to healthy subjects may reduce apparent liver plasma flow and plasma volume, as a consequence of the pooling of blood in the hepatosplanchnic area [16].

Anatomical context of enalapril

• Pretreatment of newborn piglets with enalapril maleate (5 mg, once daily for 3 days) resulted in a decreased rate of growth of the left ventricle [19].
• When growth of the heart was restrained by treatment of the piglet with enalapril maleate, the LVFW mass was reduced by 24% over 2 weeks compared to hearts from untreated piglets and was accounted for by a reduction in myocyte volume [20].
• Binding of [3H] prazosin to membranes from the left ventricle was unaltered by pretreatment of the piglet with enalapril maleate [19].
• 1. The role of proton-linked solute transport in the absorption of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors captopril, enalapril maleate and lisinopril has been investigated in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cell monolayers [21].
• Functional overloads of the plantaris and soleus muscles were produced via bilateral surgical ablation of the synergistic gastrocnemius muscle, and ACE inhibition was accomplished by the addition of the ACE inhibitor enalapril maleate to the animals' daily drinking water (0.3 mg/ml) [22].

Associations of enalapril with other chemical compounds

• Compared with mean changes in supine diastolic pressure in the placebo group, losartan potassium 50 to 150 mg and enalapril maleate 20 mg produced clinically important and statistically significant reductions (P < or = .01) in blood pressure [6].
• The concurrent administration of dexamethasone and enalapril maleate attenuated the elevation of blood pressure [9].
• Enalapril maleate, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, is a vasodilator liable to modify regional blood flow [16].
• The thermal-dependent FTIR spectra show that not only the formation of DKP but also the six-membered cyclic anhydride occurred in the enalapril maleate/Eudragit E mixture in the heating process [23].
• Administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg per os, 1 h before i.v. administration of 10 nmol/kg big ET-1, enalapril maleate and captopril did not significantly alter the bronchoconstriction and the hypertensive response evoked by the peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[24]

Gene context of enalapril

• In patients with severe renal impairment (GFR values below 30 ml min-1 1.73 m-2) significantly smaller doses of enalapril maleate will be required than in patients with normal or less severely impaired renal function [25].
• The results indicated that Ang I (10(-8) M), added to the bath solution, reduced the peak ICa density by 26.3 +/- 2.6% (P < 0.05), an effect abolished by enalapril maleate (10(-8)M) [26].
• Solid-state 13C NMR spectra of tablets or capsules of prednisolone, enalapril maleate, lovastatin, simvastatin, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, mefenamic acid, indomethacin, diflunisal, sulindac, and piroxicam were obtained in the CP/MAS mode at 50 MHz [27].
• The solid-state reaction of enalapril maleate required an activation energy of 195+/-12 kJ/mol to undergo the processes of decomposition and intramolecular cyclization [28].
• Induced hypertension with angiotensin II (AT-II) and the inhibition of kininase with enalapril maleate may increase the tumor targeting of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of enalapril

• After oral administration of 10 mg enalapril maleate, the extent of absorption, the degree of hydrolysis and the bioavailability in CHF patients appear to be similar to those in normals with differences less than 10% [30].
• Structure determination of enalapril maleate form II from high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data [31].
• Changes in the concentration enalapril maleate were followed by a HPLC method with UV detection [32].
• Following hemodynamic evaluation using invasive and noninvasive methods, 73 patients were treated in an open, uncontrolled, multicenter study with single oral doses of enalapril maleate 1.25 to 40 mg until the optimal dose for each patient (based upon hemodynamic response) was achieved [33].
• Simultaneous determination of enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide by first-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography [34].

References