Disease relevance of Epicatechin gallate

• The (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) polyphenolic fractions were most efficient at inhibiting erythema, whereas (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epicatechin (EC) had little effect [1].
• The epidemiological studies and recent data, amassed from various laboratories around the world, provide evidence that tea polyphenols such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin-3-gallate may have the potential to lower the risk of prostate cancer in the human population [2].
• Various tea polyphenols derived from green tea and black tea induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of human stomach cancer cell line KATO III, and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release from the cells, in the order of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), EGCG, (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), teaflavins (TF) and (-)-epicatechin (EC) [3].
• Due to the EGCG and ECG treatment the lung lesions at 9th week appeared normal and in the 17th, 26th, and 36th week it appeared as hyperplasia [4].
• In this study, the effects of five tea polyphenols, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-) epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), ( -) epicatechin (EC) and (+)-catechin (C), were examined on the viability of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro and a possible relationship with tyrosine phosphorylation was determined [5].

High impact information on Epicatechin gallate

• RESULTS: Treatment of A431 cells with green tea polyphenols and its components, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin-3-gallate, resulted in the formation of internucleosomal DNA fragments, characteristic of apoptosis [6].
• The green tea catechins, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-Epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), inhibit HGF/Met signaling in immortalized and tumorigenic breast epithelial cells [7].
• We propose that the high antioxidant capacity of some galloylated catechins such as ECG could be partially due to the formation of membrane structures showing resistance to detergent solubilization and in which the phospholipids have tightly packed acyl chains and highly hydrated phosphate groups [8].
• Molecular docking calculations suggest that the benzopyran ring of EGCG penetrates deeply into the active site while the galloyl moiety anchors it to the cleft through interactions with its hydroxyl groups, which explains the higher activity of EGCG and ECG [9].
• GTE, EGCG and ECG directly inhibited cell-associated MT1-MMP activity, the physiological activator of MMP-2, in a reversible manner [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Epicatechin gallate

• Breast cancer is a disease that is in need of novel treatment strategies and the use of the catechins epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) is currently being investigated as a potential therapy [11].

Biological context of Epicatechin gallate

• When cells were stimulated by trains of depolarizations, the exocytosis elicited was enhanced by ECG treatment and the largest enhancement of secretion was observed in later stimulations [12].
• The protective efficacies of EGCG and ECG expressed as IC50 values were, respectively, 10 microM and 12 microM if peritoneal macrophages were injured by chrysotile and 4 microM and 5 microM in the case of crocidolite-induced cell injury [13].
• The absorption characteristics and oral bioavailability of three tea catechins, namely (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were assessed in this study [14].
• This study revealed that EGCG and ECG could be used as quality descriptors for monitoring the seasonal variations of phenolics in Australia-grown tea leaves, and the ratio (EGCG + ECG)/EGC has been suggested as a quality index for measuring the differences in flavanol levels in fresh tea shoots across the growing seasons [15].
• The green tea polyphenol catechin-3-gallate (CG) and epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) were synthesized enantioselectively via a Sharpless hydroxylation reaction followed by a diastereoselective cyclization [16].

Anatomical context of Epicatechin gallate

• Cellular uptake and efflux of the tea flavonoid (-)epicatechin-3-gallate in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 [17].
• Antioxidative effects of the principal polyphenolic components extracted from green tea leaves, i.e. (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and gallic acid (GA), against free radical initiated peroxidation of rat liver microsomes were studied [18].
• In human hepatocytes, a significant increase in SN-38G production was observed in 33% (EGCG), 44% (ECG), and 44% (EGC) of the hepatocyte preparations [19].
• However, directional transport of ECg and EGCg from the basolateral to the apical side was observed, indicating that the behavior of tea polyphenols in the intestinal epithelium is complex [20].
• The crude tea catechins, which contain (+)-catechin (C), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (+)-gallocatechin (GC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), were tested for their ability to inhibit the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell derived collagenase activities [21].

Associations of Epicatechin gallate with other chemical compounds

• The catechins, (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are believed to be active constituents of green tea accounting for the reported chemoprevention of certain cancers [22].
• In contrast to ECg and EGCg, the other four tea catechins (C, EC, EGC, and GC) did not show any collagenase inhibitory effect [21].
• The results of all three assays demonstrated that CG had similar antioxidant activity with its precursor ECG, while GC was less potent as an antioxidant than its precursor EGC [23].

Gene context of Epicatechin gallate

• However, other tea catechins such as (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epicatechin (EC) did not affect Erk-1 or 2 activation at a concentration of 30 microM [24].
• Fresh tea shoots from the tea cultivar TRI 2023 (150 g) gave 440 mg of 96% pure EGCG while TRI 2025 (235 g) gave 347 mg of 99% pure EGCG and 40 mg of 97% ECG, and TRI 3079 (225 g) gave 432 mg of 97% pure EGCG and 32 mg of 96% pure ECG [25].
• Among the tea catechins tested, ECg and EGCg showed the most potent inhibitory effect on collagenase activity when an optimal concentration of tea catechins (100 micrograms/ml) was added to reaction mixture containing collagenase and collagen [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Epicatechin gallate

• Catechins such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin (EGC) are polyphenol components of green tea [26].
• HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-) epicatechin-3-gallate in pod and leaf extracts, compounds well known to exert antiproliferative effects [27].

References