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Gene Review

pyrD  -  dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 2

Escherichia coli CFT073

 
 
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Disease relevance of pyrD

  • The URA1 gene encoding dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase) from the edible basidiomycete, Agrocybe aegerita, has been cloned by complementation of the Escherichia coli pyrD mutation [1].
  • The hsth gene was isolated in a 2.5-kb genomic region, upstream of a gene with strong homology to Lactococcus lactis pyrD [2].
  • The DNA sequences of the entire pyrD gene of E. faecalis and selected parts of the rest of the cluster were determined, and computer analyses found these to be similar to genes from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus caldolyticus pyrimidine biosynthesis operons [3].
  • Our findings facilitate further exploitation of T. cruzi DHOD inhibitors, as chemotherapeutic agents against Chagas' disease [4].
 

High impact information on pyrD

  • Five of the transposon insertions were introduced back into the E. faecalis chromosome, and all except insertions in pyrD resulted in pyrimidine auxotrophy [3].
  • Our results show that pyrC and pyrD expression was repressed approximately twofold in cells grown in the presence of adenine [corrected] through a mechanism requiring PurR [5].
  • A possible mechanism of transcriptional control involving a common repressor protein is suggested by the identification of a highly conserved, operatorlike sequence in the promoter regions of pyrC and the other pyrimidine genes (i.e., pyrD and carAB) whose expression is negatively regulated by a cytidine nucleotide effector [6].
  • Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a flavoprotein that catalyses the oxidation of L-dihydroorotate to orotate, the fourth sequential step in the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis pathway [7].
  • The open reading frames of all three DHOD genes are comprised of 942 bp, and encode proteins of 314 amino acids [4].
 

Biological context of pyrD

References

  1. Sequence of the URA1 gene encoding dihydroorotate dehydrogenase from the basidiomycete fungus Agrocybe aegerita. Noël, T., Labarère, J. Gene (1992) [Pubmed]
  2. Characterization in vitro and in vivo of a new HU family protein from Streptococcus thermophilus ST11. Dixon-Fyle, S.M., Caro, L. Plasmid (1999) [Pubmed]
  3. Generation of auxotrophic mutants of Enterococcus faecalis. Li, X., Weinstock, G.M., Murray, B.E. J. Bacteriol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  4. Genetic diversity and kinetic properties of Trypanosoma cruzi dihydroorotate dehydrogenase isoforms. Sariego, I., Annoura, T., Nara, T., Hashimoto, M., Tsubouchi, A., Iizumi, K., Makiuchi, T., Murata, E., Kita, K., Aoki, T. Parasitol. Int. (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. Role of the purine repressor in the regulation of pyrimidine gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12. Wilson, H.R., Turnbough, C.L. J. Bacteriol. (1990) [Pubmed]
  6. Nucleotide sequence and expression of the pyrC gene of Escherichia coli K-12. Wilson, H.R., Chan, P.T., Turnbough, C.L. J. Bacteriol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  7. Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of Leishmania major dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Feliciano, P.R., Cordeiro, A.T., Costa-Filho, A.J., Nonato, M.C. Protein Expr. Purif. (2006) [Pubmed]
  8. Resistance to apramycin in Escherichia coli isolated from animals: detection of a novel aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme. Hedges, R.W., Shannon, K.P. J. Gen. Microbiol. (1984) [Pubmed]
 
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