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Gene Review

alr2405  -  flavodoxin FldA

Nostoc sp. PCC 7120

 
 
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Disease relevance of alr2405

  • Sequence of the flavodoxin gene from Anabaena variabilis 7120 [1].
  • 2. In supporting electron transfer from dithionite to hydrogenase of the bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum, highest activity was shown by the ferredoxin from the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii and flavodoxin from the bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii [2].
  • In unicellular cyanobacteria, the gene for flavodoxin is the second open reading frame in a dicistronic operon whose transcription is tightly regulated by iron [3].
  • Gel electrophoretic studies showed that whereas the apoproteins of A. nudulans and Nostoc strain MAC were recovered in monomeric form, the removal of riboflavin 5'-phosphate from C. crispus flavodoxin resulted in extensive aggregation of the apoprotein [4].
 

High impact information on alr2405

  • The enzyme exhibits a strong preference for plant type [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins; however, flavodoxin can also serve as an electron donor [5].
  • Sequence-specific 1H and 13C NMR assignments have been made for residues that form the five-stranded parallel beta-sheet and the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) binding site of oxidized Anabaena 7120 flavodoxin [6].
  • The technique is illustrated for Anabaena 7120 flavodoxin and cytochrome c-553, both uniformly enriched with carbon-13 (26%) or nitrogen-15 (98%) [7].
  • 3. In mediating electron transfer from chloroplast membranes to Clostridium pasteurianum hydrogenase the flavodoxin from Anacystis nidulans proved the most active with Nostoc strain MAC flavodoxin and Porphyra umbilicalis ferredoxin also being appreciably more active than other cyanobacterial and higher plant ferredoxins [2].
  • In the filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, isiA and the gene for flavodoxin are located in separate operons with independent promoters [3].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of alr2405

 

Biological context of alr2405

 

Associations of alr2405 with chemical compounds

  • In C. crispus flavodoxin, N5 forms a hydrogen bond with the side chain hydroxyl group of the equivalent Thr 58 [10].
  • Exchange of residue F65 for aliphatic substitutions, which was crucial to electron transfer to ferredoxin:NADP-reductase and nitrite reductase, exhibited only small effects on glutamate synthase-dependent activity while heterocyst ferredoxin and flavodoxin were almost inactive as electron donors [11].
 

Other interactions of alr2405

  • Iron concentrations (1 microM Fe) sufficient to induce synthesis of the vegetative cell flavodoxin did not stimulate diazotrophic growth of the fdxH mutant strains, suggesting that FdxH was not replaced by a NifJ-flavodoxin system [12].

References

  1. Sequence of the flavodoxin gene from Anabaena variabilis 7120. Leonhardt, K.G., Straus, N.A. Nucleic Acids Res. (1989) [Pubmed]
  2. Efficiency of ferredoxins and flavodoxins as mediators in systems for hydrogen evolution. Fitzgerald, M.P., Rogers, L.J., Rao, K.K., Hall, D.O. Biochem. J. (1980) [Pubmed]
  3. Photosystem II genes isiA, psbDI and psbC in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120: cloning, sequencing and the transcriptional regulation in iron-stressed and iron-repleted cells. Leonhardt, K., Straus, N.A. Plant Mol. Biol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  4. Apoflavodoxin aggregation following dissociation of flavin. Fitzgerald, M.P., Sykes, G.A., Rogers, L.J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1980) [Pubmed]
  5. Phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Biochemical and spectroscopic. Frankenberg, N., Lagarias, J.C. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) [Pubmed]
  6. Hydrogen-1, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 NMR spectroscopy of Anabaena 7120 flavodoxin: assignment of beta-sheet and flavin binding site resonances and analysis of protein-flavin interactions. Stockman, B.J., Krezel, A.M., Markley, J.L., Leonhardt, K.G., Straus, N.A. Biochemistry (1990) [Pubmed]
  7. Concerted two-dimensional NMR approaches to hydrogen-1, carbon-13, and nitrogen-15 resonance assignments in proteins. Stockman, B.J., Reily, M.D., Westler, W.M., Ulrich, E.L., Markley, J.L. Biochemistry (1989) [Pubmed]
  8. Flavodoxin from Anabaena 7120: uniform nitrogen-15 enrichment and hydrogen-1, nitrogen-15, and phosphorus-31 NMR investigations of the flavin mononucleotide binding site in the reduced and oxidized states. Stockman, B.J., Westler, W.M., Mooberry, E.S., Markley, J.L. Biochemistry (1988) [Pubmed]
  9. Interaction of FurA from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 with DNA: a reducing environment and the presence of Mn(2+) are positive effectors in the binding to isiB and furA promoters. Hernández, J.A., López-Gomollón, S., Muro-Pastor, A., Valladares, A., Bes, M.T., Peleato, M.L., Fillat, M.F. Biometals (2006) [Pubmed]
  10. Structure of the oxidized long-chain flavodoxin from Anabaena 7120 at 2 A resolution. Rao, S.T., Shaffie, F., Yu, C., Satyshur, K.A., Stockman, B.J., Markley, J.L., Sundarlingam, M. Protein Sci. (1992) [Pubmed]
  11. Glutamate 94 of [2Fe-2S]-ferredoxins is important for efficient electron transfer in the 1:1 complex formed with ferredoxin-glutamate synthase (GltS) from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Schmitz, S., Navarro, F., Kutzki, C.K., Florencio, F.J., Böhme, H. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1996) [Pubmed]
  12. The heterocyst-specific fdxH gene product of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is important but not essential for nitrogen fixation. Masepohl, B., Schölisch, K., Görlitz, K., Kutzki, C., Bohme, H. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1997) [Pubmed]
 
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