Disease relevance of PD1221

• Copper-resistant strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria were previously shown to carry plasmid-borne copper resistance genes related to the cop and pco operons of Pseudomonas syringae and Escherichia coli, respectively [1].
• The organization of these transfer genes in pIPO2 is highly similar to the genetic organization seen in the environmental plasmid pSB102 and in pXF51 from the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa [2].
• Moreover, pBP136 had only two of the kle genes (kleAE) that have been reported to be important for the stability of IncP-1 plasmid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa [3].
• Plasmid pBP136 from Bordetella pertussis represents an ancestral form of IncP-1beta plasmids without accessory mobile elements [3].
• The complete 41 268 bp nucleotide sequence of the IncP-1beta plasmid pBP136 from the human pathogen Bordetella pertussis, the primary aetiological agent of whooping cough, was determined and analysed [3].

High impact information on PD1221

• Two CVC isolates, strains J1a12 and B111, yielded kanamycin-resistant transformants when electroporated with plasmid p16KdAori or p16Kori but not when electroporated with p16K [4].
• Southern blot analyses of total DNA extracted from the transformants revealed that, in all clones tested, the plasmid had integrated into the host chromosome at the promoter region of the rRNA operon by homologous recombination [4].
• Five CVC X. fastidiosa strains, including strain 9a5c, the genome sequence of which was determined, and two strains isolated from coffee, were electroporated with plasmid p16KdAori or p16Kori [4].
• This plasmid carried a total of 46 ORFs: 44 ORFs corresponding to the genes in the conserved IncP-1beta backbone, and 2 ORFs similar to the XF1596 and XF1597 genes with unknown function of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa [3].
• This study was initiated to characterize a small Xylella fastidiosa (X. fastidiosa) plasmid and attempt to create a X. fastidosa/Escherichia coli shuttle vector that was stable in planta [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of PD1221

• Vector pSP3 was constructed by ligating to the E. coli plasmid pBluescript, a kanamycin resistance gene under the control of the Xylella 16S rRNA promoter and the indigenous Xylella plasmid pXF1 [6].

Biological context of PD1221

• The overall organization of these genes is different from previously described plasmids, but is similar to the genetic organization seen in pSB102, a conjugative plasmid recently isolated from the bacterial community of the alfalfa rhizosphere [2].
• The complete nucleotide sequence and environmental distribution of the cryptic, conjugative, broad-host-range plasmid pIPO2 isolated from bacteria of the wheat rhizosphere [2].
• Two other RAPDs were also related to horizontal gene transfer: one was part of a broadly distributed cryptic plasmid and the other was associated with conjugal transfer [7].
• Construction of a shuttle vector and transformation of Xylella fastidiosa with plasmid DNA [8].
• A plasmid with sequence homology was found in only one other strain of X. fastidiosa, ATCC 35878 [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PD1221

• Strains isolated from grape with Pierce's disease (PD) from California, Florida, and Georgia showed greater than previously reported genetic variability, including plasmid contents, but formed a cluster based on analysis of RAPD-PCR products, NotI and SpeI genomic DNA fingerprints, and 16S-23S rRNA spacer region sequence [10].
• Restriction enzyme analysis of a 1.3kb plasmid DNA from a grape-infecting strain of X. fastidiosa (UCLA) revealed the presence of three similar, but genetically distinct, plasmids, pUCLAs [5].
• Sequence analysis of a 1296-nucleotide plasmid from Xylella fastidiosa [9].

References