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Gene Review

dhfrI  -  dihydrofolate reductase type I

Escherichia coli

 
 
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High impact information on dhfrI

  • The latter predicts a polypeptide of 337 amino acids, whose N-terminal segment is 40% homologous to the predicted product of an open reading frame of 179 amino acids located next to the dhfrI gene of Tn7 [1].
  • The strain carried a self-transferable plasmid coding for metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1. bla(VIM-1), along with aacA7, dhfrI, and aadA, was included as a gene cassette in a novel class 1 integron [2].
  • Significant differences in the distributions of tetracycline [tet(A), tet(B), tet(C)], trimethoprim (dhfrI, dhfrV, dhfrXIII), and sulfonamide (sulI, sulII) resistance genes were observed during the study period (1978 to 2000) [3].
  • In colony hybridization experiments, both dhfrI and dhfrII were found associated with these integrase genes [4].
  • The alleged integration mechanism thus provides a recombination pathway for the genetic linkage of sulfonamide and other antibiotic resistance genes, including the most frequently encountered gene for trimethoprim resistance, dhfrI [5].
 

Biological context of dhfrI

  • Furthermore, the newly observed location of dhfrI could shed light on the evolution of the antibiotic resistance region of Tn7, which could be able to take up genes by the same mechanism as that of Tn21-like transposons [5].
  • Extensive nucleotide sequence analyses of these amplicons revealed the presence of dhfrI, dhfrXII, dfr17, aadA, aadA2, aadA5, aadA21, aacA4 and catB3 genes which code for different antibacterial resistance proteins [6].
 

Associations of dhfrI with chemical compounds

References

  1. The region of the IncN plasmid R46 coding for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, streptomycin/spectinomycin and sulphonamides is closely related to antibiotic resistance segments found in IncW plasmids and in Tn21-like transposons. Hall, R.M., Vockler, C. Nucleic Acids Res. (1987) [Pubmed]
  2. Escherichia coli with a self-transferable, multiresistant plasmid coding for metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-1. Miriagou, V., Tzelepi, E., Gianneli, D., Tzouvelekis, L.S. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. Antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O149:K91 isolates obtained over a 23-year period from pigs. Maynard, C., Fairbrother, J.M., Bekal, S., Sanschagrin, F., Levesque, R.C., Brousseau, R., Masson, L., Larivière, S., Harel, J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2003) [Pubmed]
  4. Spread of a newly found trimethoprim resistance gene, dhfrIX, among porcine isolates and human pathogens. Jansson, C., Franklin, A., Sköld, O. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1992) [Pubmed]
  5. The dhfrI trimethoprim resistance gene of Tn7 can be found at specific sites in other genetic surroundings. Sundström, L., Sköld, O. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1990) [Pubmed]
  6. Characterization of multidrug-resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from swine from an abattoir in Osaka, Japan. Kumai, Y., Suzuki, Y., Tanaka, Y., Shima, K., Bhadra, R.K., Yamasaki, S., Kuroda, K., Endo, G. Epidemiol. Infect. (2005) [Pubmed]
  7. Characterization of aminoglycoside resistance genes and class 1 integrons in porcine and bovine gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli. Sandvang, D., Aarestrup, F.M. Microb. Drug Resist. (2000) [Pubmed]
 
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