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Gene Review

xis  -  Gp31

Enterobacteria phage HK97

 
 
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Disease relevance of xis

  • However, if ORF2 does represent an xis gene, then this putative integration module would possess a notable difference from that of other temperate phages in the inversion of the positions of int and xis relative to attP [1].
  • Unlike the well-characterized (lambda)Xis excisionase from bacteriophage lambda, Tn916Xis stimulates excision in vitro and in Escherichia coli only modestly [2].
  • Heat pulse curing of strain L79 and a thr+ lysogenic revertant (L79-20) showed that heat pulse curing of both lysogens was int and xis dependent and occurred by correct excisions of the prophage [3].
  • Crystallization, dehydration and preliminary X-ray analysis of excisionase (Xis) proteins cooperatively bound to DNA [4].
 

High impact information on xis

  • Deletion of the sib region greatly enhances production of Int protein without substantial effect on Xis production; thus, sib regulation normally is highly specific for Int. When the sib region is moved past int and xis by deletion, regulation of the adjacent gene for the protein Ea22 occurs, suggesting that sib regulation can work on other genes [5].
  • The structure of the excisionase (Xis) protein from conjugative transposon Tn916 provides insights into the regulation of heterobivalent tyrosine recombinases [2].
  • The Tn916 conjugative transposon spreads antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria and is mobilized by a heterobivalent recombinase (Tn916Int), whose activity is regulated by an excisionase factor (Tn916Xis) [2].
  • The block to initiation of DNA replication requires a region that we term bin (blocks initiation) immediately upstream of the xis gene [6].
 

Biological context of xis

  • The region of the phage lambda chromosome containing the attachment site (P.P') and the genes int and xis, excised by the action of endonuclease R.EcoRI, has been inserted into the unique site for that enzyme on the promiscuous conjugative plasmid, RP4, generating the recombinant plasmid RP4att lambda [7].

References

  1. Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of the region containing attP of the temperate phage phi AR29 of Prevotella ruminicola AR29. Gregg, K., Kennedy, B.G., Klieve, A.V. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (1994) [Pubmed]
  2. The structure of the excisionase (Xis) protein from conjugative transposon Tn916 provides insights into the regulation of heterobivalent tyrosine recombinases. Abbani, M., Iwahara, M., Clubb, R.T. J. Mol. Biol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. Operator-promoter functions in the threonine operon of Escherichia coli. Gardner, J.F., Smith, O.H. J. Bacteriol. (1975) [Pubmed]
  4. Crystallization, dehydration and preliminary X-ray analysis of excisionase (Xis) proteins cooperatively bound to DNA. Sam, M.D., Abbani, M.A., Cascio, D., Johnson, R.C., Clubb, R.T. Acta Crystallograph. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. Retroregulation of the int gene of bacteriophage lambda: control of translation completion. Schindler, D., Echols, H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1981) [Pubmed]
  6. E.coli cell-cycle regulation by bacteriophage lambda. Sergueev, K., Court, D., Reaves, L., Austin, S. J. Mol. Biol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  7. In vitro insertion of the lambda attachment site into the plasmid RP4. Pastrana, R., Brammar, W.J. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1979) [Pubmed]
 
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