Disease relevance of Cst9

• Role of 4-1BB ligand in costimulation of T lymphocyte growth and its upregulation on M12 B lymphomas by cAMP [1].
• In an analysis of T cell responses to synthetic peptides in mice transgenic for HLA-DR51 and -DQ6, we found that DR51 and DQ6 transgenic mice acquired significant T cell response to influenza hemagglutinin-derived peptide 307-319 (HA 307) and Streptococcus pyogenes M12 protein-derived peptide 347-397 (M6C2), respectively [2].
• The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of the re-expression of IGFBP-rP1 in a cell line from a model of human prostate cancer, M12, in which IGFBP-rP1 expression had been demonstrated to decrease from the parent epithelial cell, P69, to the malignant subline, M12 [3].
• The cDNA coding for CD40 was transfected into the murine B lymphoma cell line M12 and the murine thymoma cell line EL4 [4].
• We have demonstrated that as the simian virus 40 T antigen (SV40T) immortalized human prostate epithelial cell line, P69SV40T, undergoes transformation from a poorly tumorigenic to a malignant phenotype, the M12 subline, there is a significant decrease in IGF-1R expression [5].

High impact information on Cst9

• Similar enhancing effects (more than 1,000-fold) on antigen presentation were also observed when using purified native H soluble or incorporated into liposomes whereas denaturating H glycoprotein resulted in a poor efficiency in T cell stimulation, M12.CD46 being no more potent than the parental M12 counterpart [6].
• Furthermore, testatin is expressed during testis cord formation in pre-Sertoli cells, believed to be the site of Sry action, at a time immediately after the peak of Sry expression [7].
• Our results indicate that both the Ia-positive B-lymphoblastoid cell line M12 and its Ia-negative variant M12.C3 can provide the costimulatory activity necessary for these activation pathways [8].
• A20 cells presented native ovalbumin well to both T-T hybridomas, whereas M12 cells presented native ovalbumin well to 3DO-54.8 but very inefficiently to DO-11.10 [9].
• In this report, we demonstrate that the immunodominant T-cell determinant in ovalbumin [p323-339; ovalbumin-(323-339) heptadecapeptide] is processed differently by two genetically identical antigen-presenting cell lines, M12 and A20 [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cst9

• Several Ia-negative variants of a homozygous Iad-expressing antigen-presenting B lymphoma cell line, M12, have been obtained by repeated cycles of negative immunoselection after mutagenesis with ethylmethane sulfonate or gamma-irradiation [10].
• Western blot analysis revealed markedly decreased USF2 levels in three androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3, DU145, and M12, as compared to nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cells or the androgen-dependent cell line, LNCaP [11].

Biological context of Cst9

• Normal sexual development and fertility in testatin knockout mice [12].
• We found no abnormalities in the testatin knockout mice with regard to fetal and adult testis morphology, cellular ultrastructure, body and testis weight, number of offspring, spermatogenesis, or hormonal parameters (testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone) [12].
• These expression patterns suggest that Testatin might have some roles in sex-differentiation [13].
• The presumed amino acid sequence of testatin/cresp showed considerable homology to the cystatin family, but it lacked a few critical amino acid residues for the cysteine-protease inhibitory activity [14].
• After transfection, there was a marked alteration in the morphology of the M12 cells such that the H clones had an elongated appearance when compared with the M12 control cells [3].

Anatomical context of Cst9

• Testatin: a cystatin-related gene expressed during early testis development [7].
• In the transgenic females, testatin expression was constitutively elevated from embryonic gonad to adult ovary, and its expression was as high as the wild-type male gonads [13].
• Testatin is identified as a member of the Cystatin family and expressed in germ cells and somatic cells in reproductive tissues [13].
• A novel cystatin-related gene was identified and named cresp (cystatin-related expressed in Sertoli and spermatogonia), and has recently been reported independently under the name testatin (Töhönen et al., 1998) [14].
• Therefore, M12 cells and DO-11.10 can interact with each other, and both T-T hybridomas have similar sensitivities for the same immunogenic peptide [9].

Associations of Cst9 with chemical compounds

• The cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic (CRES) and recently identified testatin and cystatin T proteins define a new subgroup within the family 2 cystatins of cysteine protease inhibitors [15].
• The effect of IL-6 on M12/CD40+ cells not only required intact CD40 including threonine 234 but also was specific because IL-6 mAb blocked the inhibitory activity [16].
• The formation of a sulfamate conjugate (M12) formed by direct coupling of sulfate to the nitrogen of benzylamine is described [17].
• Two major metabolites of SU5416 were identified, a hydroxymethyl derivative of SU5416 (M12) and a carboxylic acid derivative of SU5416 (M6), by spectroscopic methods and comparison with authentic compounds [18].

Other interactions of Cst9

• Several genes including Cres (cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic), testatin, and cystatin T, have been identified that are related to the family 2 cystatins but lack critical consensus sites important for cysteine protease inhibition [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cst9

• Using RT-PCR analysis, the testatin/cresp mRNA was first detectable at 9.5 dpc in both male and female embryos but it was maintained only in the male [14].
• Our experiments also point to interesting differences between the M12 cell line and syngeneic Ia-positive antigen-presenting cells in generating a syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction [8].
• IGFBP-rP1 mRNA (Northern blots) and protein (immunoblots) were detectable in primary cultures ofprostatic stromal and epithelial cells as well as in the immortalized nonmalignant prostatic human epithelial cells, P69, and in the P69 metastatic subline, M12 [20].
• We have previously isolated the testatin gene using a modified mRNA differential display method on RNA from developing male and female mouse gonads [21].
• We have investigated the molecular consequences of RAG1/2 expression in mature lymphocytes using a cell culture system (M12 and DR3) [22].

References