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Gene Review

Defb1  -  defensin beta 1

Mus musculus

Synonyms: AW260221, BD-1, Beta-defensin 1, Defensin, beta 1, mBD-1
 
 
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Disease relevance of Defb1

  • Defb1(-/-) mice were found, however, to be effective in the clearance of the cystic fibrosis relevant pathogen S. aureus from the airways after nebulization [1].
  • The Defb1 synthetic peptide was shown to have a salt-sensitive antimicrobial activity that was stronger against Staphylococcus aureus than against Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1].
  • During gastric and lethal oroesophageal candidiasis, expression of mBD1, -3, and -4 was induced at the infection sites (stomach and tongue) and was concomitant with an induction of tumor necrosis factor- alpha expression in Tg epsilon 26 mice, compared with that in tissues from gf mice [2].
  • We find that loss of mBD-1 results in delayed clearance of Haemophilus influenzae from lung [3].
  • Lysates from cells transfected with the mBD-1 cDNA showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. mBD-1 transcripts were found in kidney, liver, and female reproductive organ tissues [4].
 

High impact information on Defb1

  • We demonstrate here by culturing mouse tracheal epithelial cells at an air-liquid interface that, despite the production of Defb1, Defb14, and Defr1 in this system, these cells are unable to clear S. aureus when exposed to this respiratory pathogen [5].
  • A C. albicans mutant that lacked key genes important for filamentation and virulence also significantly induced expression of mBD1, -3, and -4 in Tg epsilon 26 mice [2].
  • Although no overt deleterious phenotype was evident in the Defb1(-/-) mice, the number of mutant mice found to harbor bacteria of the Staphylococcus species in the bladder was significantly higher (P = 0.008) than that of controls, suggesting a role for these peptides in resistance to urinary tract infection [1].
  • Analysis of a genomic clone of mBD-1 revealed two exons separated by a 15-kb intron [4].
  • In the airways, mBD-1 is expressed diffusely throughout the epithelial cells of the large proximal airways with less expression in the small distal airways and no expression in alveolar cells [4].
 

Biological context of Defb1

 

Anatomical context of Defb1

  • Primary human endothelial cells were 5-8-fold less sensitive to BD1 and BD2 than compared to ricin A chain [9].
  • CEL-1000 and other activators (defensin-beta, CpG ODN, and imiquimod) of the innate immune system promote IFN-gamma-associated protective responses [10].
  • Electron micrographs of F. succinogenes cells with immunogold labelling showed that the mAb BD1 reacted exclusively with cell wall epitopes but not intracellular material, as confirmed by ELISA [11].
  • Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the MAb BD1 against CacyBP could recognize CacyBP protein derived from human gastric cancer cell lines in both native and denatured forms [12].
 

Associations of Defb1 with chemical compounds

 

Other interactions of Defb1

  • However, the EAC group had significantly less mBD-2 (0.23 +/- 0.15 x 10(4) copy/microl) than the control group (3.61 +/- 4.87 x 10(4) copy/microl) (P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). mBD-1 mRNA was positive for all examined tissue in both groups [13].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Defb1

References

  1. Characterization of the mouse beta defensin 1, Defb1, mutant mouse model. Morrison, G., Kilanowski, F., Davidson, D., Dorin, J. Infect. Immun. (2002) [Pubmed]
  2. beta-defensin expression in immunocompetent and immunodeficient germ-free and Candida albicans-monoassociated mice. Schofield, D.A., Westwater, C., Balish, E. J. Infect. Dis. (2004) [Pubmed]
  3. beta-Defensin 1 contributes to pulmonary innate immunity in mice. Moser, C., Weiner, D.J., Lysenko, E., Bals, R., Weiser, J.N., Wilson, J.M. Infect. Immun. (2002) [Pubmed]
  4. Mouse beta-defensin 1 is a salt-sensitive antimicrobial peptide present in epithelia of the lung and urogenital tract. Bals, R., Goldman, M.J., Wilson, J.M. Infect. Immun. (1998) [Pubmed]
  5. Antimicrobial activity of murine lung cells against Staphylococcus aureus is increased in vitro and in vivo after elafin gene transfer. McMichael, J.W., Maxwell, A.I., Hayashi, K., Taylor, K., Wallace, W.A., Govan, J.R., Dorin, J.R., Sallenave, J.M. Infect. Immun. (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. Mouse beta defensin-1 is a functional homolog of human beta defensin-1. Morrison, G.M., Davidson, D.J., Kilanowski, F.M., Borthwick, D.W., Crook, K., Maxwell, A.I., Govan, J.R., Dorin, J.R. Mamm. Genome (1998) [Pubmed]
  7. Differential suppressive influence of intranasal application of rye grass pollen extract on IgE antibody production in the mouse. Henderson, D.C., Moran, D.M., Wheeler, A.W. Clin. Exp. Immunol. (1985) [Pubmed]
  8. Nucleotide sequence and expression of rat beta-defensin-1: its significance in diabetic rodent models. Hiratsuka, T., Nakazato, M., Date, Y., Mukae, H., Matsukura, S. Nephron (2001) [Pubmed]
  9. Characterization of ribosome-inactivating proteins isolated from Bryonia dioica and their utility as carcinoma-reactive immunoconjugates. Siegall, C.B., Gawlak, S.L., Chace, D., Wolff, E.A., Mixan, B., Marquardt, H. Bioconjug. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  10. CEL-1000--a peptide with adjuvant activity for Th1 immune responses. Charoenvit, Y., Goel, N., Whelan, M., Rosenthal, K.S., Zimmerman, D.H. Vaccine (2004) [Pubmed]
  11. Production of a cell wall-specific monoclonal antibody to Fibrobacter succinogenes. Brigmon, R.L., Lusk, D.E., Aldrich, H.C., Yang, J.C., Zam, S.G. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  12. Establishment and characterization of calcyclin binding protein (CacyBP) monoclonal antibody. Zhai, H., Shi, Y., Yu, J., Hong, L., Tang, H., Wang, J., Hu, S., Bai, F., Fan, D. Hybridoma (2005) (2006) [Pubmed]
  13. Expression of beta defensins in ocular surface tissue of experimentally developed allergic conjunctivitis mouse model. Ikeda, A., Nakanishi, Y., Sakimoto, T., Shoji, J., Sawa, M., Nemoto, N. Jpn. J. Ophthalmol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  14. Effect of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) Agonists on TLR and Microbicide Expression in Uterine and Vaginal Tissues of the Mouse. Soboll, G., Schaefer, T.M., Wira, C.R. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. (2006) [Pubmed]
 
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