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Gene Review

ORF4  -  minor glycoprotein

Simian hemorrhagic fever virus

 
 
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Disease relevance of SHFVgp07

  • Genetic changes, especially those seemingly associated with attenuation followed by some degree of reversion to virulence, in ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF 6 regions of the genome may be involved in the control of PRRSV replication and virulence [1].
  • ORF 6 encodes a polytopic class III membrane protein identified as the nonglycosylated virion envelope protein (M/VP-2; approximately 18 kDa) [2].
  • Phylogenetic analyses of the putative M (ORF 6) and N (ORF 7) genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): implication for the existence of two genotypes of PRRSV in the U.S.A. and Europe [3].
  • This was confirmed by comparing the sequence of the membrane protein gene (ORF 6) and the nucleocapsid gene (ORF 7) with the American VR2332 and the European LV genotype reference strain, respectively [4].
  • We cloned and expressed the ORF6 gene, which encodes the M/VP-2, as a fusion protein with a polyhistidine metal-binding tag (6 x His-tag) in Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus) under the control of the polyhedrin promoter [5].
 

High impact information on SHFVgp07

  • ORF 5, which encodes the envelope glycoprotein, was the most polymorphic [total nucleotide diversity (pi) = 0.097 +/- 0.007] and ORF 6, encoding the viral M protein, was the most conserved (pi = 0.038 +/- 0.003) [6].
  • In support of this hypothesis, statistical analyses of the nucleotide sequence provided strong evidence for intragenic recombination or gene conversion in ORFs 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, but not in ORF 6 [6].
  • The ORF 6 mRNA translation was enhanced in the presence of microsomal membranes [2].
  • High-level expression of the ORF6 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been proved very difficult [7].
  • The cDNA sequencing of the 20 vaccine virus revertants identified two single nucleotide mutations located in ORF5 and in ORF6 that we suggest are involved or at least linked to the attenuation of the vaccine virus and to the subsequent reversion to virulence [8].
 

Biological context of SHFVgp07

References

  1. Genomic characterization of virulent, attenuated, and revertant passages of a North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain. Grebennikova, T.V., Clouser, D.F., Vorwald, A.C., Musienko, M.I., Mengeling, W.L., Lager, K.M., Wesley, R.D., Biketov, S.F., Zaberezhny, A.D., Aliper, T.I., Nepoklonov, E.A. Virology (2004) [Pubmed]
  2. The envelope proteins of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus and their membrane topography. Faaberg, K.S., Plagemann, P.G. Virology (1995) [Pubmed]
  3. Phylogenetic analyses of the putative M (ORF 6) and N (ORF 7) genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): implication for the existence of two genotypes of PRRSV in the U.S.A. and Europe. Meng, X.J., Paul, P.S., Halbur, P.G., Lum, M.A. Arch. Virol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  4. Sequence analysis of the membrane protein gene and nucleocapsid gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated from a swine herd in Hungary. Medveczky, I., Bálint, A., Makranszky, L., Steverink, P., Jacobs, L. Acta Vet. Hung. (2001) [Pubmed]
  5. Characterization of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus ORF6 protein expressed by recombinant baculoviruses. Takahashi-Omoe, H., Omoe, K., Matsushita, S., Inada, T. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (2004) [Pubmed]
  6. Genetic variation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in the midwestern United States. Kapur, V., Elam, M.R., Pawlovich, T.M., Murtaugh, M.P. J. Gen. Virol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  7. High-level expression of the ORF6 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Pichia pastoris. Qian, P., Li, X., Tong, G., Chen, H. Virus Genes (2003) [Pubmed]
  8. Examination of the selective pressures on a live PRRS vaccine virus. Storgaard, T., Oleksiewicz, M., Bøtner, A. Arch. Virol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  9. Comparison of the structural protein coding sequences of the VR-2332 and Lelystad virus strains of the PRRS virus. Murtaugh, M.P., Elam, M.R., Kakach, L.T. Arch. Virol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  10. T cell responses to the structural polypeptides of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Bautista, E.M., Suárez, P., Molitor, T.W. Arch. Virol. (1999) [Pubmed]
 
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