Disease relevance of Plxna2

• It is concluded that OCT may be useful, either as a single agent or in combination with bisphosphonates, for the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia and cachexia [1].
• The anticachectic activity of their combination did not exceed that of OCT alone, suggesting a hypercalcemia-dependent as well as an independent mechanism of cancer cachexia [1].
• However, the mechanism underlying the antihypercalcemic effect of OCT seemed complex, involving inhibition of PTHrP production, suppression of excessive bone resorption, and an antitumor activity [1].
• OCT also markedly inhibited the body weight loss with tumor growth, while AHPrBP, which exhibited a similar antihypercalcemic effect, was less effective than OCT in preventing cachexia [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution spectral-domain OCT provides unprecedented high-quality 2D and 3D in vivo visualization of retinal structures of mouse and rat models of retinal diseases [2].

High impact information on Plxna2

• Cdk5 is associated with plexin-A2 through the active state of Fyn [3].
• Binding sites for three families of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, microE3, C/EBP, and OCT, are found in both the promoters and the intronic enhancer of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene [4].
• OCA-B is a B cell-specific transcriptional coactivator for OCT factors during the activation of immunoglobulin genes [5].
• These results suggest that the vitamin D analog OCT induces smooth muscle phenotypic alterations and that this phenomenon was mediated through the induction of RII in cultured mesangial cells [6].
• OCT-treated early passage mesangial cells (MC-E cells) had increased expression levels of type IV collagen and smooth muscle alpha actin mRNA, but 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3)-treated MC-E cells did not [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of Plxna2

• We have recently developed a novel vitamin D3 analog, 22-oxa-1,25-(OH)2D3 (OCT), that is capable of promoting differentiation and inhibiting proliferation without inducing hypercalcemia [7].
• 1,25-Dihydroxy-22-oxavitamin D(3) (22-oxacalcitriol, OCT), is a new synthetic analogue of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3), calcitriol), to be used in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism [8].
• Acute toxicity of OCT A was reduced by simultaneous administration of phenylalanine or by pretreatment with phenobarbital (PB) for 1 week and the LD50 increased to 1.5-2.0 times control [9].
• BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We investigated the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of a somatostatin analogue (octreotide, OCT) on cholangiocarcinoma cell lines [10].

Biological context of Plxna2

• The addition of a TGF-beta(1)-neutralizing antibody to the OCT-treated MC-E cells blocked this inhibitory effect for cell proliferation and attenuated the up-regulated mRNA levels [6].
• The OCT images compared well with histology [2].
• The antiproliferative effect was observed with a concentration as low as 10(-11) M OCT, and treatment of MCF-7 cells with 10(-8) M OCT for 8 days caused more than a 50% reduction in cell number compared with that of vehicle-treated cells [7].
• Therefore, the 5' flanking sequence of the rat OCT gene seems to be sufficient for the developmental and tissue-specific expression of the gene [11].
• Expression of the transgene in the intestine was comparable to that of the endogenous mouse OCT gene, whereas expression in the liver was much lower than that of the endogenous gene [11].

Anatomical context of Plxna2

• For in vivo migration of labelled lymphocytes, the mice were sacrificed after 4, 24 and 48 h; vaginae and local lymph nodes were removed, snap frozen with OCT, sectioned and examined by fluorescent microscopy and FACS [12].
• The recombinant gene carrying 1.3 kilobases of the 5' flanking region of the gene fused to the rat OCT cDNA was microinjected into fertilized eggs, and 17 transgenic mice were produced [11].
• These alterations in bone marrow cells and macrophages suggest myelotoxicity is an additional potential hazard of OCT A exposure [13].
• These results suggest that the stomach is an important target tissue for vitamin D and its analog OCT. Regulation of neck cell functions is suggested, such as proliferation and differentiation of surface epithelium and gastric gland epithelium, and neck cell secretion of acidic mucus [14].
• Eleven of 16 mouse monoclonal antibodies (MCAB) tested reacted, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with an antigen in human orbital connective tissue membranes (OCTmem), but not with the OCT soluble fraction, or with membrane or soluble fractions of human eye muscle, lacrimal gland or skin connective tissue [15].

Associations of Plxna2 with chemical compounds

• Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by the vitamin D analog 22-oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (22-oxacalcitriol; OCT) rather than by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1, 25(OH)(2)D(3)) in a dose-dependent manner [6].
• OCT was approximately 1 order of magnitude more potent than 1,25-(OH)2D3 in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 cells [7].
• The antitumor effect of 1 microgram/kg BW OCT was greater than that of 500 microgram/kg BW adriamycin, and the relative tumor weights in each group on day 26 were 29.7% and 50.5% of that in the vehicle-treated group, respectively [7].
• Eyes from the rho gamma mice were either fixed in zinc formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or were frozen in OCT compound and processed for immunostaining using the indirect immunoperoxidase method with DAB as a chromogen [16].
• The 8540-fold-purified OCT exhibited a specific activity of 526 micromoles citrulline per minute per milligram of protein at 35 degrees C and pH 8 [17].

Physical interactions of Plxna2

• We found that this mutation abolished the ability of Sema6A to bind to plexin-A2 [18].

Other interactions of Plxna2

• Thus, we named these two proteins mouse plexin 2 and mouse plexin 3 [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Plxna2

• Also, Northern blot analysis showed molecular heterogeneity in mouse plexin 2 mRNAs [19].
• After perfusion fixation, the lungs were removed, embedded in OCT compound, snap-frozen, and processed for stereology [20].
• Neither intratumor nor oral administration of OCT raised the serum calcium level in these animals [7].
• With the capability of 3D quantitative information extraction and precise spatial registration, the OCT system made possible longitudinal study of ocular diseases that has been impossible to conduct [2].
• PURPOSE: To demonstrate the application of high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for three-dimensional (3D) retinal imaging of small animals and quantitative retinal information extraction using 3D segmentation of the OCT images [2].

References